Search results for "Difference"

The Effect on Health of Marital and Cohabitation Status

2015

Researches on the consequences of divorce on health are scarce in Spain. This study is a contribution to this field from sociology and demography. In it, the health of separated/divorced Spanish men and women is analyzed using the European Health Survey 2009-2010. Employing questions on perceived health and objective mental health, we explore whether 1) people with divorced or separated marital status suffer from poorer health than married; if 2) the cohabitation with a partner promotes a better health; and if 3) gender is a source of health differences between divorcees. The results show that the health of female divorcees is worse and that male divorcees have higher risk for chronic depre…

Comparing the physical activity patterns of 3-year-old Finnish and Australian children during childcare and homecare days

2014

AbstractLimited previous research has contrasted physical activity (PA) patterns in preschool children across different hourly patterns or segments of day, or adopted similar methodologies to compare the PA behaviors of children from different countries. The purpose of this study was to examine how the PA levels and patterns differed between 3- year-olds within and between childcare and homecare days in Finland and Australia.ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers were used to monitor 121 (80 Finnish, 41 Australian) children’s PA for five consecutive days.No significant country differences were observed in children’s daily total PA (light-tovigorous PA [LMVPA]), except that during childcare days Finn…

Studying autonomous motives in physical education and leisure time contexts

2007

Perceived differences between natural and convolution reverberation types in 5.0 surround sound

2011

This Graduate Thesis investigates the perceived differences between natural and convolution reverberation in surround sound. Two spaces with distinct reverberation times were used for this study. Initially three musical excerpts from three instruments (Cello, Oboe, and Piano) were recorded in a dry studio environment. Then the Impulse Response (IR) of the spaces was captured using two methods: balloon burst and sine sweep. The dry excerpts were then recorded in the spaces to capture the natural reverberation pattern while the IRs were convolved with them to create the artificial reverberation excerpts. A listening test was then conducted using six perceptual scales to rate these 18 excerpts…

Automatic Processing of Changes in Facial Emotions in Dysphoria: A Magnetoencephalography Study

2018

It is not known to what extent the automatic encoding and change detection of peripherally presented facial emotion is altered in dysphoria. The negative bias in automatic face processing in particular has rarely been studied. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to record automatic brain responses to happy and sad faces in dysphoric (Beck’s Depression Inventory ≥ 13) and control participants. Stimuli were presented in a passive oddball condition, which allowed potential negative bias in dysphoria at different stages of face processing (M100, M170, and M300) and alterations of change detection (visual mismatch negativity, vMMN) to be investigated. The magnetic counterpart of the vMMN was el…

Decreased prevalence of left-handedness among females with male co-twins: Evidence suggesting prenatal testosterone transfer in humans?

2010

Studies of singletons suggest that right-handed individuals may have higher levels of testosterone than do left-handed individuals. Prenatal testosterone levels are hypothesised to be especially related to handedness formation. In humans, female members from opposite-sex twin pairs may experience elevated level of prenatal exposure to testosterone in their intrauterine environment shared with a male. We tested for differences in rates of left-handedness/right-handedness in female twins from same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs. Our sample consisted of 4736 subjects, about 70% of all Finnish twins born in 1983–1987, with information on measured pregnancy and birth related factors. Circulatin…

Maladaptive music listening strategies are modulated by individual traits

2022

Music listening is a great resource for mental well-being, pleasure, and self-regulation, but it may also be maladaptive. Depression, for instance, has been shown to relate to music use that is characterized by rumination, avoidance, and mood worsening. However, we know little of the role of individual differences in such maladaptive music use. Hence, this study focused on examining the role of personality, empathic traits, emotional contagion, and the types of musical reward as predictors of maladaptive music listening. Participants ( N = 318) answered an online survey comprising measures for the abovementioned traits in addition to the Healthy-Unhealthy Music Scale (HUMS) as a measure of…

Masennuksen pariterapian vaikuttavuuden erot tutkimusyksiköiden välillä ja niitä välittävät tekijät

2013

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää masennuksen pariterapian vaikuttavuuden eroja tutkimusyksiköiden välillä ja niitä välittäviä tekijöitä. Näitä tavoitteita varten tutkittiin myös, onko pariterapia vaikuttavaa masennuksen hoidossa. Tutkimusyksiköiden välisiä eroja pariterapian tuloksellisuudessa on tutkittu vain vähän. Lisäksi tekijöitä, jotka välittävät tutkimusyksiköiden välisiä eroja masennuksen pariterapian tuloksellisuudessa ei ole ilmeisesti tutkittu. Kuitenkin masennuksen pariterapian tuloksellisuutta on tutkittu ja sen on todettu olevan tuloksellista (Kung, 2000). Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin Länsi-Pohjan ja Pohjois-Savon tutkimusyksiköiden välisiä eroja masennuksen hoidon…

Modeling Political Corruption in Spain

2021

Political corruption is a universal phenomenon. Even though it is a cross-country reality, its level of intensity and the manner of its effect vary worldwide. In Spain, the demonstrated political corruption cases that have been echoed by the media in recent years for their economic, judicial and social significance are merely the tip of the iceberg as regards a problem hidden by many interested parties, plus the shortage of the means to fight against it. This study models and quantifies the population at risk of committing political corruption in Spain by identifying and quantifying the drivers that explain political corruption. Having quantified the problem, the model allows changes to be …

Deceit and facial expression in children: the enabling role of the “poker face” child and the dependent personality of the detector

2015

This study presents the relation between the facial expression of a group of children when they told a lie and the accuracy in detecting the lie by a sample of adults. To evaluate the intensity and type of emotional content of the children’s faces, we applied an automated method capable of analyzing the facial information from the video recordings (FaceReader 5.0 software). The program classified videos as showing a neutral facial expression or an emotional one. There was a significant higher mean of hits for the emotional than for the neutral videos, and a significant negative correlation between the intensity of the neutral expression and the number of hits from the detectors. The lies ex…