Search results for "Differences"
showing 10 items of 490 documents
Differences in achievement not in intelligence in the north and south of Italy: Comments on Lynn (2010a, 2010b)
2012
Lynn (2010a, 2010b) argued that individuals from south Italy have a lower IQ than individuals from north Italy, and that these differences in IQ are at the basis of north–south gap in income, education, infant mortality, stature, and literacy. In the present paper, we discuss several theoretical and methodological aspects which we regard as flaws of Lynn's studies. Moreover, we report scores of southern Italian children on Raven's Progressive Matrices and a north–south comparison for the PASS theory of intelligence as measured by the Cognitive Assessment System (Taddei & Naglieri, 2006). Both results reveal similar levels of performance of northern and southern Italian children in fluid int…
L’EFFETTO DEL SOVRACCARICO DI SCELTA. UN’INDAGINE SU BAMBINI, ADOLESCENTI, ADULTI, E ANZIANI
2014
L’effetto del sovraccarico di scelta è stato finora studiato solo su adulti. Il presente lavoro si propone di indagare se le conseguenze negative dell’avere troppa scelta si estendono anche a bambini, adolescenti, e anziani. I dati suggeriscono che mentre gli adolescenti sono influenzati dal fenomeno in modo simile agli adulti, i bambini e gli anziani sembrano invece esserne immuni. Sono discusse le implicazioni teoriche e pratiche dei risultati e vengono forniti spunti per ulteriori ricerche
The Decision Making Tendency Inventory: A new measure to assess maximizing, satisficing, and minimizing
2015
Abstract We introduce the Decision Making Tendency Inventory (DMTI), a new scale for measuring the decision-making tendencies to maximize, to satisfice, and to minimize. The scale has promising psychometric properties. Our findings show that the revealed tendencies are independent from each other and from the specific decision-making domain. Each factor is differently related to a set of indices of well-being and functioning, suggesting intriguing considerations regarding the distinctive characteristics of maximizing, satisficing, and minimizing. The DMTI extends previous research on maximizing and might contribute to explain the inconsistent results in the literature. Directions for future…
Socio-developmental aspects of European identity: The influence of age, gender and context
2010
In the last years, researchers have been interested in understanding factors affecting the development of European identity. To contribute new insights to the literature, this study explored how age, gender and context variables influence the process of European identification and the attitudes towards Europeans in two different Italian groups: Northern Italians and Southern Italians. Interview data were collected from 1037 children and adolescents (472 males, 565 females), aged from 6 to 16 years old and living in northern and southern regions of Italy. They were asked to answer an individual interview during school time. For the particular purposes of the study, four main measures were us…
Educational Styles and Consequences of Birth of Children for Binational Couples
2014
The paper examines the dynamics of bicultural couples in which one partner is autochthonous and the other is of foreign nationality. Referring to family dynamics, has taken into consideration two levels of analysis: the impact that the presence of children creates on the dynamic of couple and the educational styles adopted. According to the basic assumptions of qualitative research, 22 mixed couples living in Sicily were interviewed. To analyse the contents, which emerged from interviews, the Atlas.ti software was used. Through the narrative method we explored the meanings that partners assign to their daily lives and differences they experienced. The birth of children marks the passage fro…
The longitudinal interplay of emotion understanding, theory of mind, and language in the preschool years
2019
Emotion comprehension (EC), theory of mind (ToM), and language are particularly important aspects of child development. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in understanding how these three variables are related to preschool children. However, results have been contradictory, and it is not clear how EC, ToM, and language are associated. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships among EC, ToM, and language through a longitudinal study. Participants were 105 children (49 girls and 56 boys). EC, ToM, and language skills were assessed when children were 3, 4, and 5 years old. The cross-lagged model confirmed that EC preceded ToM in time. The half-longitudinal model …
Age differences in adolescent identity exploration and commitment in urban and rural environments
1996
Sociocultural context may play an important role in identity development by shaping the opportunities adolescents are facing. To examine this, adolescents living in urban and rural environments were compared in terms of age differences in identity exploration and commitment. Younger (13-14-year-olds) and older (16-17-year-olds) males and females from urban and rural areas in both Australia (n=367) and Finland (n=316) were investigated. The participants completed the Exploration and Commitment Questionnaire which includes items concerning future education, occupation and family. The results showed that the older youths living in Australian urban environments showed higher levels of explorati…
El autoconcepto y la autoestima en la adolescencia media: análisis diferencial por curso y género
2003
ResumenEl objetivo de este trabajo consiste en estudiar las caracteristicas diferenciales del autoconcepto y la autoestima en la adolescencia media por edad y por genero en una muestra representativa de la Comunidad Valenciana (N = 1.038, M edad = 16.31, Rango = 15–18 anos). El instrumento utilizado ha sido una adaptacion del Perfil de Autopercepciones para Adolescentes de Harter (1988) validado con adolescentes valencianos (Pastor, Balaguer, Atienza y Garcia-Merita, 2001). Se realizan analisis descriptivos y diferenciales. Los resultados muestran que los chicos obtienen puntuacionespor encima de la media teorica en todas las dimensiones del autoconcepto, mientras que las chicas presentan p…
Regret appraisals, age, and subjective well-being
2003
This study examined whether regrets are associated with age and subjective well-being in a sample of 176 participants ranging in age 19 to 82 years. Participants were asked to name unattained goals or events which they currently regret, and appraise these along a number of dimensions such as changeableness and consequences. The results showed that those who appraised their regret-related goals or events as having an impact on their present lives, reported a lower level of life satisfaction and more physical symptoms than those who appraised their regrets as having less consequence. There were also age differences in the regret appraisals. The older adults evaluated their regret-related goal…
Assessing hot and cool executive functions in preschoolers: affective flexibility predicts emotion regulation
2018
Affective flexibility (AF) is the ability to alternate between processing emotional and non-emotional information. This hot executive function has been understudied during early development. The fi...