Search results for "Diffraction"
showing 10 items of 1584 documents
Highly localized accelerating beams using nano-scale metallic gratings
2015
Spatially accelerating beams are non-diffracting beams whose intensity is localized along curvilinear trajectories, also incomplete circular trajectories, before diffraction broadening governs their propagation. In this paper we report on numerical simulations showing the conversion of a high-numerical-aperture focused beam into a nonparaxial shape-preserving accelerating beam having a beam-width near the diffraction limit. Beam shaping is induced near the focal region by a diffractive optical element that consists of a non-planar subwavelength grating enabling a Bessel signature. This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the project TEC2011-29120…
Inverse focal shift: A new effect in truncated cylindrical waves
1999
We report on a general analytical procedure to analyse the axial focusing properties of uniform cylindrical waves truncated by a rectangular window. The resulting on-axis diffraction pattern explicitly depends on the square of the window height-to-width ratio. Depending on the value of this parameter, different kinds of axial behaviour are observed. In particular, it is found that for low values of this parameter and low Fresnel number, instead of the expected focal-shift effect, an inverse focal-shift phenomenon can appear, i.e. the maximum of the axial-irradiance distribution is displaced further away from the window.
Achromatic Fresnel diffraction patterns
1993
Abstract A novel method for obtaining a single, but arbitrary, achromatic Fresnel diffraction pattern of any pupil with broadband parallel illumination is presented. The optical device simply consists of an achromatic objective and an on-axis zone plate. A criterion for selecting the system parameters in order to minimize the residual chromatic aberrations is given. The recording of the selected diffraction field is obtained with low chromatic aberrations even for white-light illumination. An experimental verification is shown to illustrate this approach.
Zone plates with cells apodized by Legendre profiles
1990
By apodizing the cells of a zone plate and changing the opening ratio, it is possible to shape the relative power spectrum of its foci. We describe a novel procedure that leads to an analytical formula for shaping the focus power spectrum by using apodizers expressible as the Legendre series; these act on cells of arbitrary opening ratio. Our general result is used to design zone plates that have missing foci and to discuss a synthesis procedure using apodizers with various opening ratios. Our applications can also be used for shaping the power spectrum of 1-D gratings.
Spectral anomalies in focused waves of different Fresnel numbers
2004
Light propagation induces remarkable changes in the spectrum of focused diffracted beams. We show that spectral changes take place in the vicinity of phase singularities in the focal region of spatially coherent, polychromatic spherical waves of different Fresnel numbers. Instead of the Debye formulation, we use the Kirchhoff integral to evaluate the focal field accurately. We find that as a result of a decrease in the Fresnel number, some cylindrical spectral switches are geometrically transformed into conical spectral switches.
Axial behavior of diffractive lenses under Gaussian illumination: complex-argument spectral analysis
1999
We present a general procedure to analyze the axial-irradiance distribution generated by an unlimited diffractive lens under coherent, Gaussian illumination. The resulting on-axis diffraction pattern, which is evaluated in terms of the power complex spectrum of the Fresnel-zone transmittance, explicitly depends on the truncation parameter that we define, which evaluates the effective number of zones illuminated by the Gaussian beam. Depending on the value of this parameter, different kinds of axial behavior are observed. In particular, for moderate values a multiple-focal-shift phenomenon appears, and a simple formula for its evaluation is presented. Additionally, for low values of the trun…
White-light Fourier transformer with low chromatic aberration.
1992
A simple Fourier transformation system working with broadband parallel illumination is presented. The proposed setup, consisting of two on-axis zone plates and an achromatic objective, allows us to obtain the achromatic Fourier transform representation of the input at a finite distance with a low chromatic aberration. The discussion of the system, using the Fresnel diffraction theory, leads to an analytical expression to evaluate the transversal and longitudinal chromatic aberrations. It is shown that the resulting chromatic aberrations for typical values of the involved parameters are less than 1% over the entire visible spectrum.
Paraxial waves in the far-field region
2002
Summary By investigating the changes suffered by a paraxial beam propagating in the near-field and in the far-field regions, it has been found a set of wave equations valid for points gradually closer to the near field. A relevant expression for the validity of the far-field approximation is given from the paraxial Helmholtz equation. It is pointed out that the well-known Fresnel number associated with every transverse diffraction pattern can be interpreted as a magnitude that measures the relative standard deviation of the Fraunhofer pattern and a first-order field, thus reporting on an integral expression suitable for a general case. Finally, the Rayleigh range of the optical beam is dedu…
Halo-like structure in 7He nucleus
2020
Abstract A study of the neutron structure of the ground state of 7He has been performed by means of registration and analysis of the decay channels of the residual nuclei following absorption of stopped pions. In particular, the reaction 9Be ( π − , d )X have been investigated where X denotes any system with five neutrons and two protons – the constituencies of a 7He nucleus. It was shown that the structure of 7He is determined by correlations of two neutrons in the states 6He (0+), 6He (2+) and one neutron in the shell p3/2. The 4He+3n structure is not manifested in the ground state of 7He. The obtained results are consistent with the known data on considerable mixture of configurations “6…
Rotational band in 12C based on the Hoyle state
2014
t. α + 12C inelastic differential cross-sections were measured at the energies 65 and 110 MeV. A new broad state at 13.75 MeV was observed. Its spin-parity has been determined as 4+ and the diffraction radius of the corresponding L = 4 transition is ~ 0.8 fm larger than that of the excitation of the 4+, 14.8 MeV level. The 13.75 MeV state was considered to be the third member of the rotational band based on the Hoyle state. peerReviewed