Search results for "Digest"
showing 10 items of 3038 documents
The role of the leptin in reproduction.
2006
Since its discovery in 1994, leptin has appeared to be a pleiotrophic hormone, governing energy homeostasis and affecting many tissues in the body. Numerous pieces of evidence have accumulated showing that leptin potentially plays an important role in the control of the reproductive function.This review presents the major concepts for the role of leptin in the modulation of reproductive function. As a marker of the nutritional status, leptin affects the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, regulating gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and luteinising hormone secretion, and appears to be a permissive factor in the onset of the puberty. This protein and its receptor have been found in the reprodu…
Synergistic interaction between CCK and leptin to regulate food intake.
2000
Abstract Leptin administered (either intracerebroventricularly, icv, or intraperitoneally, ip) acts in synergy with CCK to suppress food intake and body weight in lean mice or rats. The potentiating effect induced by the co-injection of ip CCK and leptin to inhibit food consumption in mice is mediated by the CCK-A receptor and capsaicin sensitive afferents. In vitro, studies in rats showed that a subset of gastric vagal afferent fibers responded to leptin injected directly into the gastric artery only after a prior intra-arterial CCK injection. Moreover, the tonic activity of gastric-related neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) increased when leptin was delivered into the gastric…
Molecular dynamics, dynamic site mapping, and highthroughput virtual screening on leptin and the Ob receptor as anti-obesity target.
2014
Body weight control is a mechanism finely regulated by several hormonal, metabolic, and nervous pathways. The leptin receptor (Ob-R) is crucial for energy homeostasis and regulation of food uptake. Leptin is a 16 kDa hormone that is mainly secreted by fat cells into the bloodstream, and under normal circumstances, circulating levels are proportionate to the fat body mass. Sensing of elevated leptin levels by the hypothalamic neurocircutry activates a negative feedback loop resulting in reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure. Decreased concentrations lead to opposite effects. Therefore rational design of leptin agonists constitute an appealing challenge in the battle against ob…
Inactivation of Socs3 in the Hypothalamus Enhances the Hindbrain Response to Endogenous Satiety Signals via Oxytocin Signaling.
2012
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that controls energy balance by acting primarily in the CNS, but its action is lost in common forms of obesity due to central leptin resistance. One potential mechanism for such leptin resistance is an increased hypothalamic expression of Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3), a feedback inhibitor of the Jak-Stat pathway that prevents Stat3 activation. Ample studies have confirmed the important role of Socs3 in leptin resistance and obesity. However, the degree to which Socs3 participates in the regulation of energy homeostasis in nonobese conditions remains largely undetermined. In this study, using adult mice maintained under standard diet, we d…
Severe metabolic alterations in liver cancer lead to ERK pathway activation and drug resistance
2020
Background: The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway regulates cell growth, and is hyper-activated and associated with drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Metabolic pathways are profoundly dysregulated in HCC. Whether an altered metabolic state is linked to activated ERK pathway and drug response in HCC is unaddressed. Methods: We deprived HCC cells of glutamine to induce metabolic alterations and performed various assays, including metabolomics (with 13C-glucose isotope tracing), microarray analysis, and cell proliferation assays. Glutamine-deprived cells were also treated with kinase inhibitors (e.g. Sorafenib, Erlotinib, U0126 amongst other MEK inhibitors). …
Burgundy red wines: Representation of potential for aging
2009
Abstract This study was conducted to investigate wine professionals’ perception of aging potential of red wines. In the first experiment, 41 wine professionals assessed sixteen commercial Burgundy red wines via a binary categorization task, an aging potential rating task, and a hedonic rating task and an analytic sensory evaluation including an astringency and a bitterness rating task. The wines were also analyzed by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography with a UV Detector (HPLC-UV) and their color was evaluated using Hue (H∗), Lightness (L∗) and Chroma (C∗) measurements. Results showed that the wines were split into two clusters on the basis of aging potential judgements indicating that the …
Electrochromic polyoxometalate material as a sensor of bacterial activity
2015
L. fermentum, a bacterium of human microbiota, acts as an electron donor to the electrochromic [P2MoVI18O62]6. Since, the reductive capacity of L. fermentum correlates with its metabolic activity, the reaction with [P2MoVI18O62]6- affords a means of evaluating its activity. Following this logic, we have concluded that vancomycin severely affects the activity of L. fermentum whereas omeprazole does not.
The influence of stevia glycosides on the growth of Lactobacillus reuteri strains
2013
UNLABELLED Use of stevia-derived sweeteners was recently officially approved by the European Commission, and their application in the food industry has increased, especially in functional foods. However, there are scarce data about the influence of stevia on probiotic bacteria, which are important both as an inhabitant of the human gut and as a functional food additive. Taking into consideration the broad application of Lactobacillus reuteri in functional foods, the aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of stevia glycosides on its growth. Six Lact. reuteri strains were tested for their ability to grow in the presence of stevioside and rebaudioside A (0·2-2·6 g l(-1) ). The effec…
Data from: Not only for egg yolk - functional and evolutionary insights from expression, selection and structural analyses of Formica ant vitellogeni…
2015
Vitellogenin, a storage protein, has been extensively studied for its egg-yolk precursor role, and it has been suggested to be fundamentally involved in caste differences in social insects. More than one vitellogenin copy has been reported in several oviparous species, including ants. However, the number and function of different vitellogenins, their phylogenetic relatedness and their role in reproductive queens and non-reproductive workers has been studied in few species only. We studied caste biased expression of vitellogenins in seven Formica ant species. Only one copy of conventional vitellogenin was identified in Formica species, and three vitellogenin homologues, derived from ancient …
Selective Processing of Food– and Body–Related Information and Autonomic Arousal in Patients with Eating Disorders
1998
Both attentional bias (using the modified Stroop Task) and autonomic reactivity (skin conductance level) to food- and body-related information were assessed in 25 patients with eating disorders (15 patients with anorexia, 10 patients with bulimia) and 18 women controls. Patients with anorexia showed the greatest interference in color-naming food-related words. However, on this occasion there were no differences in body condition, probably because of heterogeneity of clinical samples and because the control group were staff members, so the target information was very familiar to them. The groups differed in their autonomic reactivity while performing the Stroop, the patients with anorexia re…