Search results for "Direct"
showing 10 items of 2669 documents
Modelling vertical and lateral seed bank movements during mouldboard ploughing
2000
Abstract The vertical distribution of weed seeds in the soil is of fundamental importance because seedling emergence depends on seed depth. The lateral displacement of the earth during mouldboard ploughing contributes to the dispersal of the weeds inside the tilled field. In order to model vertical and lateral seed displacements during ploughing, an existing model describing soil particle movements for different ploughing characteristics (depth and width) and soil structures was tested on a multilocal field trial. The trials were carried out in 1996 and 1997 and comprised two soil textures and three soil structures; tillage was performed with a mouldboard plough at varying ploughing widths …
First identification of polymorphic microsatellite markers in the Burgundy truffle, Tuber aestivum (Tuberaceae)
2014
SPEIPMCT2Pour cette revue, la version de l'éditeur est autorisée mais il y a un embargo d'un an (mentionné dans les Conditions générales : "On Institutional Repositories after 12 months").On peut donc mettre la PJ en "publique" mais il faut indiquer une date d'embargo (un an à partir de la date de publication). L'embargo sera levé automatiquement. Laissée lors du dépôt en workflow par prudence.; Premise of the study: Tuber aestivum, the most common truffle in Europe, plays an important role in the commercial truffle market. For the first time, microsatellite primers were developed to investigate polymorphism within this species. • Methods and Results: Using direct shotgun pyrosequencing, 15…
Macrophytes in boreal streams: Characterizing and predicting native occurrence and abundance to assess human impact
2016
Abstract Macrophytes are a structurally and functionally essential element of stream ecosystems and therefore indispensable in assessment, protection and restoration of streams. Modelling based on continuous environmental gradients offers a potential approach to predict natural variability of communities and thereby improve detection of anthropogenic community change. Using data from minimally disturbed streams, we described natural macrophyte assemblages in pool and riffle habitats separately and in combination, and explored their variation across large scale environmental gradients. Specifically, we developed RIVPACS-type models to predict the presence and abundance of macrophyte taxa at …
Effects of Natura 2000 on nontarget bird and butterfly species based on citizen science data
2020
The European Union's Natura 2000 (N2000) is among the largest international networks of protected areas. One of its aims is to secure the status of a predetermined set of (targeted) bird and butterfly species. However, nontarget species may also benefit from N2000. We evaluated how the terrestrial component of this network affects the abundance of nontargeted, more common bird and butterfly species based on data from long-term volunteer-based monitoring programs in 9602 sites for birds and 2001 sites for butterflies. In almost half of the 155 bird species assessed, and particularly among woodland specialists, abundance increased (slope estimates ranged from 0.101 [SD 0.042] to 3.51 [SD 1.30…
Attraction of Trichogramma Wasps to Butterfly Oviposition-Induced Plant Volatiles Depends on Brassica Species, Wasp Strain and Leaf Necrosis
2021
Within the Brassicaceae, wild as well as crop species are challenged by specialist herbivores including cabbage white butterflies (Pieris spp.). The wild crucifer Brassica nigra responds to oviposition by Pieris butterflies by the synergistic expression of two egg-killing traits. Genotypes that express a hypersensitive response (HR)-like necrosis (direct egg-killing) also emit oviposition-induced plant volatiles (OIPVs) attracting Trichogramma egg parasitoids (indirect egg-killing). This so-called double defense line can result in high butterfly egg mortalities. It remains unknown whether this strategy is unique to B. nigra or more common in Brassica species. To test this, we examined the r…
Size does matter — the eco-evolutionary effects of changing body size in fish
2020
Body size acts as a proxy for many fitness-related traits. Body size is also subject to directional selection from various anthropogenic stressors such as increasing water temperature, decreasing dissolved oxygen, fisheries, as well as natural predators. Changes in individual body size correlate with changes in fecundity, behaviour, and survival and can propagate through populations and ecosystems by truncating age and size structures and changing predator–prey dynamics. In this review, we will explore the causes and consequences of changing body size in fish in the light of recent literature and relevant theories. We will investigate the central role of body size in ecology by first discu…
European Union legislation on macroalgae products
2021
AbstractMacroalgae-based products are increasing in demand also in Europe. In the European Union, each category of macroalgae-based products is regulated separately. We discuss EU legislation, including the law on medicinal products, foods including food supplements and food additives, feed and feed additives, cosmetics, packaging materials, fertilizers and biostimulants, as well as biofuels. Product safety and consumer protection are the priorities with any new products. Macroalgae products can be sold as traditional herbal medicines. The novel food regulation applies to macroalgae foods that have not previously been used as food, and organic macroalgae are a specific regulatory category. …
Direct exposure to solar radiation causes radial growth eccentricity at the beginning of the growing season in Robinia pseudoacacia
2020
Abstract Our study investigated the effect of stem temperature increase on xylem formation in Robinia pseudoacacia tree-trunks, caused by direct exposure to solar radiation. It is important to determine factors which may improve the concentricity of deposited wood tissue and intensify xylogenesis because a strong irregularity of wood tissue deposited in the radial direction in mature trees of R. pseudoacacia reduces the commercial value of the wood. Samples of vascular cambium along with adjacent tissues were collected from the southern (illuminated) and northern (shaded) side of tree-trunks growing in the inner and peripheral (thus exposed to direct sunlight) zones of the research plot. Sa…
Marine alien species in Italy: A contribution to the implementation of descriptor D2 of the marine strategy framework directive
2019
A re-examination of marine alien species or Non Indigenous Species (NIS) reported in Italian Seas, until December 2018, is provided, focusing on establishment success, year of first record, origin, potential invasiveness, and likely pathways, in particular. Furthermore, their distribution is assessed according to the marine subregions outlined by the European Union (EU) Marine Strategy Framework Directive: Adriatic Sea (ADRIA), Ionian Sea and Central Mediterranean Sea (CMED), and Western Mediterranean Sea (WMED). In Italy, 265 NIS have been detected with the highest number of species being recorded in the CMED (154 species) and the WMED (151 species) subregions, followed by the ADRIA (143) …
Distributed Adaptive Consensus Tracking Control of Uncertain High-order Nonlinear Systems under Directed Graph Condition
2018
In this paper, we investigate the output consensus tracking problem for a class of high-order nonlinear systems subjected to unknown parameters and uncertain external disturbances. A novel backstepping based distributed adaptive control scheme is presented under the directed communication status. For the subsystems without direct access to time-varying desired trajectory, local estimators are introduced and the corresponding adaptive laws are designed in a totally distributed fashion. With the presented scheme, the assumption on linearly parameterized reference signal and the information exchange operation of subsystem inputs in the existing results are no longer needed. It is shown that al…