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showing 10 items of 19256 documents

Pili Torti: A Feature of Numerous Congenital and Acquired Conditions

2021

Pili torti is a rare condition characterized by the presence of the hair shaft, which is flattened at irregular intervals and twisted 180° along its long axis. It is a form of hair shaft disorder with increased fragility. The condition is classified into inherited and acquired. Inherited forms may be either isolated or associated with numerous genetic diseases or syndromes (e.g., Menkes disease, Björnstad syndrome, Netherton syndrome, and Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndrome). Moreover, pili torti may be a feature of various ectodermal dysplasias (such as Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome and Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate syndrome). Acquired pili torti was described in numerous forms of …

medicine.medical_specialtyDiscoid lupus erythematosushair shaft disorderhair diseaseReviewmedicineNetherton syndromehair shaft abnormalitiesPili tortiintegumentary systembusiness.industrypili tortitrichoscopyRBjörnstad syndromeGeneral MedicineAlopecia areatamedicine.diseaseDermatologyTrichoscopyHair diseasetwisted hairMedicinemedicine.symptombusinessFolliculitis decalvansJournal of Clinical Medicine
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Persistence or change in leisure-time physical activity habits and waist gain during early adulthood: A twin-study

2014

Objective To determine the relationship between persistence or change in leisure-time physical activity habits and waist gain among young adults. Methods Population-based cohort study among 3383 Finnish twin individuals (1578 men) from five birth cohorts (1975-1979), who answered questionnaires at mean ages of 24.4 y (SD 0.9) and 33.9 y (SD 1.2), with reported self-measured waist circumference. Persistence or change in leisure-time physical activity habits was defined based on thirds of activity metabolic equivalent h/day during follow-up (mean 9.5 y; SD 0.7). Results Decreased activity was linked to greater waist gain compared to increased activity (3.6 cm, P < 0.001 for men; 3.1 cm, P < 0…

medicine.medical_specialtyDiscordant Twineducation.field_of_studyNutrition and DieteticsWaistbusiness.industryEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismPopulationMedicine (miscellaneous)Twin studyMetabolic equivalentEndocrinologyEndocrinologyInternal medicinemedicineYoung adultmedicine.symptombusinesseducationWeight gainDemographyCohort studyObesity
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Inventario Clark-Beck de Obsesión-Compulsión (C-BOCI) : validación para su uso en población española

2009

The Clark-Beck Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (C-BOCI) is a new self-administered inventory (Clark & Beck, 2002), designed to offer a valid, specifi c and reliable tool for the screening of the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): it assesses symptoms, their consequences, and takes into account the assumptions of current cognitive models about the disorder. The aim of this study has been to examine the usefulness of the C-BOCI in Spanish population. The questionnaire was completed together with other OCD, depression, and anxiety instruments by 506 adults without mental disorders and 44 OCD patients. The α values were ≥ 0.80 except for the obsessions subs- cale in the OCD group. Concurrent a…

medicine.medical_specialtyDiscriminant validitybehavioral disciplines and activitieshumanitiesSpanish populationPsychiatry and Mental healthClinical PsychologyPositive predicative valuemental disordersmedicineCriterion validityAnxietymedicine.symptomPsychiatryPsychologyRevista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica
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Country of residence, gender equality and victim blaming attitudes about partner violence: a multilevel analysis in EU

2017

Background: Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a global and preventable public health problem. Public attitudes, such as victim-blaming, are important for our understanding of differences in the occurrence of IPVAW, as they contribute to its justification. In this paper, we focus on victim-blaming attitudes regarding IPVAW within the EU and we apply multilevel analyses to identify contextual determinants of victim-blaming attitudes. We investigate both the general contextual effect of the country and the specific association between country level of gender equality and individual victim-blaming attitudes, as well as to what extend a possible general contextual effect was exp…

medicine.medical_specialtyDiscriminatory accuracyeducationSocial SciencesPoison controlIntimate partner violence against women (IPVAW)Victim-blaming attitudesAffect (psychology)Multilevel analysis03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinemedicinemedia_common.cataloged_instance030212 general & internal medicineEuropean unionhealth care economics and organizations0505 lawmedia_commonPublic health05 social sciencesMultilevel modelPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthSamhällsvetenskapHuman factors and ergonomicshumanitiesCountry differencesbehavior and behavior mechanisms050501 criminologyDomestic violenceResidencePsychologySocial psychologyEuropean Journal of Public Health
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Models for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a link with vascular risk.

2008

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often part of the metabolic syndrome which includes central obesity, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In turn, NAFLD may be associated with an increased vascular risk. Several experimental models which express histological steatosis or steatohepatitis with fibrosis have been described. This review identifies those models of NAFLD with features of vascular risk.

medicine.medical_specialtyDiseasedigestive systemGastroenterologyInsulin resistanceNAFLD central obesity dyslipidaemia insulin resistance/type 2Risk FactorsInternal medicineDrug DiscoveryAnimalsHumansMedicineVascular DiseasesRisk factorPharmacologybusiness.industryFatty livernutritional and metabolic diseasesType 2 Diabetes Mellitusmedicine.diseasedigestive system diseasesFatty LiverDisease Models AnimalEndocrinologyInflammation MediatorsSteatosisMetabolic syndromeSteatohepatitisbusiness
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Avoidant coping, verbal-autonomic response dissociation and pain tolerance

2006

Higher autonomic reactivity relative to self-reported discomfort, often found in repressors and avoidant copers might be associated with a diminished perception of bodily symptoms. This study aimed at relating such so-called verbal-autonomic response dissociation to pain tolerance. Eighty-five volunteers underwent a public speaking task and a cold pressor test. Heart rate and negative affect in response to the speech, and pain ratings and facial muscle responses for the cold pressor were obtained. A dissociation score was calculated for each individual in response to speech, thereby subtracting standardized changes in negative affect from standardized changes in heart rate. Response dissoci…

medicine.medical_specialtyDissociation (neuropsychology)Pain tolerancemedia_common.quotation_subjectPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthCold pressor testGeneral MedicineGeneral ChemistryAudiologybehavioral disciplines and activitiesDevelopmental psychologyAvoidant copingFacial musclesmedicine.anatomical_structurePerceptionHeart ratemedicinePain perceptionPsychologyApplied Psychologymedia_commonPsychology &amp; Health
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Visual Attention, Orthographic Word Recognition, and Executive Functioning in Children With ADHD, Dyslexia, or ADHD + Dyslexia

2019

Objective: The current study examined the differences in visual selective attention, orthographic word recognition, and executive functioning. Method: One hundred and forty Ecuadorian children in third and fifth grades of elementary school (8-10 years old) participated in the study—35 with only dyslexia (DD), 35 with the combined type of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-C), 35 with disorders (DD + ADHD-C), and 35 typical development children (TD). Results: The Ecuadorian children with DD and/or ADHD-C in this age range usually have difficulties in visual selective attention, and also in orthographic word recognition. The executive functioning results showed that such func…

medicine.medical_specialtyDissociation (neuropsychology)PopulationComorbidityAudiologybehavioral disciplines and activitiesDyslexiaExecutive Function03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinemental disordersDevelopmental and Educational PsychologymedicineHumansVisual attentionSelective attentionChildeducationeducation.field_of_study05 social sciencesDyslexia050301 educationmedicine.diseaseComorbidityClinical PsychologyAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityWord recognitionAttention deficitPsychology0503 education030217 neurology & neurosurgeryJournal of Attention Disorders
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Randomised Trial of Two Different Daily Doses of Interferon-α versus Classical Therapy in Treatment-Naïve Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C.

2018

To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of two different daily doses of interferon-α (lymphoblastoid-IFNα-N1, Wellferon®) [IFNα] for 2 months, followed by the same dose on alternate days for up to 1 year, versus administration on alternate days for 1 year. A non-blind, randomised study of outpatients with chronic hepatitis C at five centres in Sicily, Italy. Ninety-seven consecutive treatment-naive patients [72 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b infection] with histological chronic hepatitis C were included in the study and randomised to receive IFNα subcutaneously: 5 million international units (MIU) daily for 2 months, followed by the same dose on alternate days for up to…

medicine.medical_specialtyDosebusiness.industryHepatitis C virusGeneral Medicinemedicine.disease_causeGastroenterologyGroup AGroup BSurgeryDiscontinuationPharmacotherapyTolerabilityInternal medicineMedicinePharmacology (medical)businessAdverse effectClinical drug investigation
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Unpredictable Performance of pH-Dependent Coatings Accentuates the Need for Improved Predictive in Vitro Test Systems.

2017

First introduced in the second half of the 19th century, enteric coatings are commonly used to protect acid-labile drugs, reduce the risk of gastric side effects due to irritating drugs, or for local drug delivery to the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The currently available enteric-coatings are based on pH-sensitive weakly acidic polymers. Despite the long history of their use, the causes behind their performance often being unpredictable have not been properly investigated with most of the attention being focused only on the gastric emptying. However, little attention has been given to the postgastric emptying disintegration and dissolution of these dosage forms. This lack of attentio…

medicine.medical_specialtyDrug LiberationIn vitro testChemistry PharmaceuticalPharmaceutical SciencePh dependentBiological Availability02 engineering and technologyPharmacologyIn Vitro Techniques030226 pharmacology & pharmacyDosage formBiopharmaceuticsExcipients03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineDrug DiscoveryIntestine SmallmedicineIntensive care medicineGastric emptyingbusiness.industryHydrogen-Ion Concentration021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyEnteric coatingBioavailabilityDrug LiberationSolubilityDrug deliveryMolecular MedicineTablets Enteric-Coated0210 nano-technologybusinessmedicine.drugMolecular pharmaceutics
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Cocaine and MDMA Induce Cellular and Molecular Changes in Adult Neurogenic Systems: Functional Implications

2011

The capacity of the brain to generate new adult neurons is a recent discovery that challenges the old theory of an immutable adult brain. A new and fascinating field of research now focuses on this regenerative process. The two brain systems that constantly produce new adult neurons, known as the adult neurogenic systems, are the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and the lateral ventricules/olfactory bulb system. Both systems are involved in memory and learning processes. Different drugs of abuse, such as cocaine and MDMA, have been shown to produce cellular and molecular changes that affect adult neurogenesis. This review summarizes the effects that these drugs have on the adult neurog…

medicine.medical_specialtyDrugs of abuseMDMAlcsh:Medicinelcsh:RS1-441Pharmaceutical ScienceHippocampuscocaineReviewBiologylcsh:Pharmacy and materia medicamemoryDrug Discoverymedicinedentate gyrusPsychiatryDentate gyruslcsh:RNeurogenesisMDMAOlfactory bulbadult neurogenesisnervous systemMolecular MedicineNeurosciencemedicine.drugPharmaceuticals
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