Search results for "Discrimination"
showing 10 items of 477 documents
Rasisms un noziegumi Voltera Moslija detektīvromānos "Velns zilā kleitā", "Sarkanā nāve" un "Balts tauriņš"
2019
Bakalauradarbs „Rasisms un kriminālsVolteraMoslijadetektīvromānos „Velnszilākleitā”, „Sarkanānāve” un „Baltstauriņš”” analizēnosauktus romānus ar uzsvaru uz aprakstītas kriminālas situācijas un rasismu ASV kopumā un Kalifornijā. Ņemot vērā ka romāni pieder pie daiļliteratūras un autora situācijas redzējums var atšķirties no reālas situācijas ASV četrdesmitajos un piecdesmitajos gados, ir savākta un apkopota informācija par rasisma un segregācijas vēsturi ASV, lai izprastu, cik patiess priekšstats par situāciju autors dod. Bakalaura darba mērķis ir atrast rasisma un segregācijas piemērus romānos; saprast, kā atrastie piemēri ilustrē rasisma, augstu ieslodzīto un apsūdzēto afroamerikāņu īpats…
Sievietes militārajā dienestā: Dienējošu sieviešu pieredze vīriešu dominējošā vidē
2021
Militārā joma vēsturiski un sociāli tiek definēta kā tradicionāli vīrišķīga – tā ir, iespējams, viena no arhetipiski vīrišķīgākajām sociālajām struktūrām Rietumu sabiedrībā (Segal 1995). Taču militārajā dienestā un karadarbībā tik un tā sastopamas arī sievietes. Šajā bakalaura darbā pētīta 23 sieviešu pieredze, kuras visas dienē vai dienējušas Kanādas Bruņotajos spēkos (KBS) pēdējo četrdesmit gadu laikā. Šo sieviešu pieredze apkopota daļēji strukturētās intervijās, kas veiktas gan klātienē, gan rakstiskā formātā. Izmantojot Pjēra Burdjē teoriju par maskulīno dominanci un Reivinas Konelas koncepciju par maskulīno hegemoniju, darbā esmu pētījusi, kā sievietes pieredz militāro vidi caur dzimtē…
The importance of pattern similarity between Müllerian mimics in predator avoidance learning
2004
Müllerian mimicry, where unpalatable prey share common warning patterns, has long fascinated evolutionary biologists. It is commonly assumed that Müllerian mimics benefit by sharing the costs of predator education, thus reducing per capita mortality, although there has been no direct test of this assumption. Here, we specifically measure the selection pressure exerted by avian predators on unpalatable prey with different degrees of visual similarity in their warning patterns. Using wild-caught birds foraging on novel patterned prey in the laboratory, we unexpectedly found that pattern similarity did not increase the speed of avoidance learning, and even dissimilar mimics shared the educatio…
Auditory cortical event-related potentials to pitch deviances in rats
1998
Abstract We recorded epidural event-related potentials (ERPs) from the auditory cortex in anesthetized rats when pitch-deviant tones were presented in a homogenous series of standard tones (oddball condition). Additionally, deviant tones were presented without standard tones (deviant-alone condition). ERPs to deviant tones in the oddball condition differed significantly from ERPs to standard tones at the latency range of 63–243 ms. On the other hand, ERPs to deviant tones in the deviant-alone condition did not differ from ERPs to standard tones until 196 ms from stimulus onset. The results suggest that oddball stimuli can be neurophysiologically discriminated in anesthetized rats. Furthermo…
The impact of a concurrent motor task on auditory and visual temporal discrimination tasks
2016
Previous studies have shown the presence of an interference effect on temporal perception when participants are required to simultaneously execute a nontemporal task. Such interference likely has an attentional source. In the present work, a temporal discrimination task was performed alone or together with a self-paced finger-tapping task used as concurrent, nontemporal task. Temporal durations were presented in either the visual or the auditory modality, and two standard durations (500 and 1, 500 ms) were used. For each experimental condition, the participant’s threshold was estimated and analyzed. The mean Weber fraction was higher in the visual than in the auditory modality, but only for…
Comprehensive auditory discrimination profiles recorded with a fast parametric musical multi-feature mismatch negativity paradigm
2016
Abstract Objective Mismatch negativity (MMN), a component of the auditory event-related potential (ERP) in response to auditory-expectancy violation, is sensitive to central auditory processing deficits associated with several clinical conditions and to auditory skills deriving from musical expertise. This sensitivity is more evident for stimuli integrated in complex sound contexts. This study tested whether increasing magnitudes of deviation (levels) entail increasing MMN amplitude (or decreasing latency), aiming to create a balanced version of the musical multi-feature paradigm towards measurement of extensive auditory discrimination profiles in auditory expertise or deficits. Methods Usi…
Music lessons improve auditory perceptual and cognitive performance in deaf children
2014
Despite advanced technologies in auditory rehabilitation of profound deafness, deaf children often exhibit delayed cognitive and linguistic development and auditory training remains a crucial element of their education. In the present cross-sectional study, we assess whether music would be a relevant tool for deaf children rehabilitation. In normal-hearing children, music lessons have been shown to improve cognitive and linguistic-related abilities, such as phonetic discrimination and reading. We compared auditory perception, auditory cognition, and phonetic discrimination between 14 profoundly deaf children who completed weekly music lessons for a period of 1.5 to 4 years and 14 deaf child…
Audiovisual speech perception in children with developmental language disorder in degraded listening conditions.
2013
Purpose The effect of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the perception of audiovisual speech in children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD) was investigated by varying the noise level and the sound intensity of acoustic speech. The main hypotheses were that the McGurk effect (in which incongruent visual speech alters the auditory speech percept) would be weaker for children with DLD than for controls and that it would get stronger with decreasing SNR in both groups. Method The participants were 8-year-old children with DLD and a sample of children with normal language development. In the McGurk stimuli, the consonant uttered by the voice differed from that articulated …
An investigation of prototypical and atypical within-category vowels and non-speech analogues on cortical auditory evoked related potentials (AERPs) …
2011
The present study examined cortical auditory evoked related potentials (AERPs) for the P1-N250 and MMN components in children 9 years of age. The first goal was to investigate whether AERPs respond differentially to vowels and complex tones, and the second goal was to explore how prototypical language formant structures might be reflected in these early auditory processing stages. Stimuli were two synthetic within-category vowels (/y/), one of which was preferred by adult German listeners ("prototypical-vowel"), and analogous complex tones. P1 strongly distinguished vowels from tones, revealing larger amplitudes for the more difficult to discriminate but phonetically richer vowel stimuli. P…