Search results for "Disruptive"
showing 10 items of 52 documents
Social Innovation Lessons from Microangels? An Institutional Entrepreneurship Case Study of the CIGALES Movement in France
2012
One way by which microentrepreneurs can increase their ability to take debt is to take equity alongside, thus respecting prudent ratios and reducing stress. But microequity has not developed in most of the developing world. At the same time, since 1983, microequity has been started in France through a socially innovative movement known as CIGALES. Today, there are over a hundred CIGALES clubs. How have these multiplied and why hasn't the movement grown faster and more global? We look at the development of the CIGALES movement from an Institutional lens. Based on fifteen semi-structured interviews, we trace the creation and expansion of the movement and see internal blockages are as importan…
The effect of organizational culture on deviant behaviors in the workplace
2017
This study investigated the impact of organizational culture (OC) on deviant behaviors in the workplace (workplace deviant behaviors: WDB). We tested the hypothesis that different types of OC (according to the Competing Values Framework model) had an impact on WDB, in addition to the effect of Big Five personality traits. Survey research was undertaken with 954 employees of 30 enterprises in the public and private field, using a hierarchical model approach (HLM) to test the effects of four types of OC (Clan; Adhocracy; Market, Hierarchy) on WDB, over and above the effect of Five Personality traits. The HLM results partially supported our hypotheses, showing that the OC had a significant eff…
Selection for cryptic coloration in a visually heterogeneous habitat.
2001
We studied selection by predators for cryptic prey coloration in a visually heterogeneous habitat that consists of two microhabitats. It has been suggested that the probability of escaping detection in such habitats might be optimized by maximizing crypsis in one of the microhabitats. However, a recent model indicates that a coloration that compromises the requirements of different microhabitats might sometimes be the optimal solution. To experimentally study these hypotheses, we allowed great tits (Parus major L.) to search for artificial prey items in two different microhabitats (background boards): small patterned and large patterned. On each board there was one prey item that was either…
Efficacy of Guanfacine Extended Release in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Oppositional Defiant D…
2020
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of the non-stimulant guanfacine extended release (GXR) on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children and adolescents, with and without comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). METHODS Data were derived from 4 phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of dose-optimized GXR monotherapy, in which at least 10% of participants had a diagnosis of comorbid ODD. SPD503-312 and SPD503-316 were 10- to 13-week studies of GXR (1-7 mg/d). SPD503-314 and SPD503-307 were 8-week studies of GXR (1-4 mg/d). Efficacy was assessed using the ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) total scores. RESULTS In total, 1,084 participants were included (SPD…
EmPeCemos: un programa multicomponente para la prevención indicada de los problemas de conducta y el abuso de drogas
2009
En la última década, un amplio número de investigaciones ha permitido constatar la existencia de trayectorias de desarrollo desadaptativas, asociadas a problemas de conducta de inicio temprano. Estas trayectorias, en las que se implica una compleja cadena de factores familiares, escolares y socioemocionales, dan lugar a desajustes comportamentales crónicos y severos, de difícil tratamiento, incluyendo comportamientos antisociales y abuso de drogas. Por ello, la investigación en prevención subraya la necesidad de una intervención temprana que, actuando sobre los individuos en alto riesgo y su entorno, permita detener el avance hacia patrones severos de desadaptación. En esta línea, se desarr…
Expert appraisal of criteria for assessing gaming disorder: An international Delphi study
2021
Background and aims Following the recognition of ‘internet gaming disorder’ (IGD) as a condition requiring further study by the DSM‐5, ‘gaming disorder’ (GD) was officially included as a diagnostic entity by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11). However, the proposed diagnostic criteria for gaming disorder remain the subject of debate, and there has been no systematic attempt to integrate the views of different groups of experts. To achieve a more systematic agreement on this new disorder, this study employed the Delphi expert consensus method to obtain expert agreement on the diagnostic validity, clinical util…
Consolidated challenge to social demand for resilient platforms : Lessons from Uber's global expansion
2017
Many in the industry see the ride-sharing company Uber as the significant advancement through information and communication technology (ICT) particularly of the digital service platform and sharing economy. Uber has been exploring the new frontier of the ICT-driven disruptive business model (IDBM) and succeeded in its global expansion to over 479 cities in more than 75 countries worldwide in June of 2016. Such rapid expansion provides constructive insights regarding the significance of IDBM, not only in transportation but also in almost all other business fields. While at the same time Uber's legal battles in some cities around the world raise a serious question regarding the rationale of I…
Co-evolution of three mega-trends nurtures un-captured GDP – Uber's ride-sharing revolution
2016
Uber used a disruptive business model driven by digital technology to trigger a ride-sharing revolution. The institutional sources of the company’s platform ecosystem architecture were analyzed to explain this revolutionary change. Both an empirical analysis of a co-existing development trajectory with taxis and institutional enablers that helped to create Uber’s platform ecosystem were analyzed. The analysis identified a correspondence with the “two-faced” nature of ICT that nurtures un-captured GDP. This two-faced nature of ICT can be attributed to a virtuous cycle of decline in prices and an increase in the number of trips. We show that this cycle can be attributed to a self-propagating …
The Slow Adoption Rate of Software Robotics in Accounting and Payroll Services and the Role of Resistance to Change in Innovation-Decision Process
2022
Robotic process automation (RPA) has by now for years been viewed as a disruptive innovation that will have a significant impact on accounting, HR and payroll services, and yet the rate of adopting the innovation has not reached a level anticipated in past predictions. As several elements have a negative impact on the organization’s rate of adopting RPA, passive resistance to change has a significant impact in the form of constant dithering. Resistance to change can emerge at any stage of the Innovation-Decision process and fluctuate throughout the continued adoption, causing wasted investments, capabilities and resources. peerReviewed
Significance of the dorsal zigzag pattern of Vipera latastei gaditana against avian predators
2005
Summary 1. Aposematism is an antipredatory strategy in which prey animals conspicuously signal their noxiousness to potential predators. This successful strategy is based on avoidance learning of predators. 2. Most species in the viperid genus Vipera have a characteristic dorsal zigzag pattern. It has previously been suggested that the dorsal zigzag pattern of Vipera berus (the adder) has a cryptic function and thus makes the snake less conspicuous to avian predators. However, a recent experiment suggested that the pattern may function as an aposematic signal rather than being cryptic, and therefore induces active avoidance in avian predators. 3. We conducted a field experiment in Donana na…