Search results for "Dosing"
showing 10 items of 128 documents
Exercise acts as a drug; the pharmacological benefits of exercise
2012
The beneficial effects of regular exercise for the promotion of health and cure of diseases have been clearly shown. In this review, we would like to postulate the idea that exercise can be considered as a drug. Exercise causes a myriad of beneficial effects for health, including the promotion of health and lifespan, and these are reviewed in the first section of this paper. Then we deal with the dosing of exercise. As with many drugs, dosing is extremely important to get the beneficial effects of exercise. To this end, the organism adapts to exercise. We review the molecular signalling pathways involved in these adaptations because understanding them is of great importance to be able to pr…
Dexlansoprazole Delayed Release: Pharmacotherapy of Erosive Esophagitis and GERD
2011
Dexlansoprazole MR is a modified release formulation of the R-enantiomer of lansoprazole, which employs a novel Dual Delayed Release (DDR) technology. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that the DDR technology provides a two peaks drug release, accuring 1–2 hours and 4–5 hours after dosing, leading to an extended duration of therapeutic plasma drug concentrations compared with conventional delayed release lansoprazole. Dexlansoprazole MR 30 and 60 mg provided superior intragastric pH control compared to that obtained with lansoprazole 15 mg and 30 mg once daily dosing. Dexlansoprazole can be taken without regard to food. The drug has been shown to be as efficacious as lansoprazole in heali…
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in neonates. A new proposal of initial dosage guideline
2010
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic commonly used to treat resistant gram-positive infections in neonates. While adult dosing guidelines are generally well established, a lack of consensus for optimal dosing regimens in neonates remains. • The large variance in pharmacokinetic values in premature neonates compared with full-term infants is a major barrier to the development of optimal dosing regimens. Pharmacokinetic values have been reported for vancomycin in neonates. However, the studies have included small groups with differing, clinical conditions, serum sampling times and pharmacokinetic models. There are many proposed neonatal dosing gui…
A comparative study of the population pharmacokinetics of gentamicin and amikacin in newborn patients
1993
SUMMARY The population kinetics of gentamicin and amikacin were studied comparatively in newborn patients with a similar range of gestation age (37.9 ± 2.9 and 36.7 ± 3.6 weeks), postnatal age (13.8 ± 7.4 and 16.7 ± 7 days) and weight (2.85 ± 0.57 and 2.72 ± 0.75 kg), undergoing routine therapeutic monitoring of their serum levels. Individual kinetic analysis of serum drug levels was done using a single-compartment model. The population model employed assumes the existence of residual variability in the serum concentrations and interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetic parameters. The clearance and the apparent distribution volume were calculated for each patient using a two-stage …
Natural approaches in metabolic syndrome management
2017
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized as a group of cardiometabolic risk factors that raise the risk for heart disease and other health problems, such as diabetes mellitus and stroke. Treatment strategies include pharmacologic interventions and supplementary (or "alternative") treatments. Nutraceuticals are derived from food sources (isolated nutrients, dietary supplements and herbal products) that are purported to provide health benefits, in addition to providing basic nutritional value. Nutraceuticals are claimed to prevent chronic diseases, improve health, delay the aging process, increase life expectancy, and support the structure and function of the body. The study of the benefici…
Pharmacokinetic Characterization and External Evaluation of a Quantitative Framework of Sublingual Buprenorphine in Patients with an Opioid Disorder …
2020
Background: The aim of this analysis was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of sublingual buprenorphine (BUP) and its metabolites (buprenorphine glucuronide
P260 Tiotropium Respimat(R) Add-on To Inhaled Corticosteroids Improves Lung Function In Patients With Symptomatic Mild Asthma: Results From A Phase I…
2014
Background Despite currently available therapies and detailed guidelines, many people with mild asthma remain symptomatic; it is important to establish the efficacy and safety of new treatments in this group. Methods A Phase III, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial (GraziaTinA-asthma ® ; NCT01316380) evaluated the efficacy and safety of once-daily tiotropium 5 µg or 2.5 µg versus placebo (all delivered via the Respimat ® SoftMist™ inhaler) for 12 weeks in patients with symptomatic asthma on low-dose inhaled corticosteroids (200–400 µg budesonide or equivalent). The primary end point was peak forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) within 3 h of dosing (0–3h) response (chang…
Effect of multiple honey doses on non-specific acute cough in children. An open randomised study and literature review.
2015
Abstract Background Honey is recommended for non-specific acute paediatric cough by the Australian guidelines. Current available randomised clinical trials evaluated the effects of a single evening dose of honey, but multiple doses outcomes have never been studied. Objectives To evaluate the effects of wildflower honey, given for three subsequent evenings, on non-specific acute paediatric cough, compared to dextromethorphan (DM) and levodropropizine (LDP), which are the most prescribed over-the-counter (OTC) antitussives in Italy. Methods 134 children suffering from non-specific acute cough were randomised to receive for three subsequent evenings a mixture of milk (90 ml) and wildflower hon…
The use of omalizumab in the treatment of severe allergic asthma: A clinical experience update.
2009
SummarySevere persistent asthma causes a substantial morbidity and mortality burden and is frequently inadequately controlled despite intensive guideline-based therapy. Targeting allergic inflammatory processes that underlie the pathogenesis of severe persistent asthma improves asthma control in a significant proportion of patients. Omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody, has been developed to target IgE, which is central to triggering and maintaining allergic airway inflammation. In a comprehensive program of clinical trials, omalizumab has been shown to reduce asthma exacerbation and emergency visit rates, and to improve quality of life in patients with se…
Response to mepolizumab treatment is sustained across 4-weekly dosing periods
2020
Background Mepolizumab (100 mg delivered s.c. every 4 weeks) is indicated for add-on maintenance treatment for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Mepolizumab has been shown to reduce exacerbations and the requirement for daily oral corticosteroids, and improve asthma control and symptoms. However, data on the durability of the response to mepolizumab during dosing periods are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy profile in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma over the 4-weekly dosing period for various fixed mepolizumab doses. Methods This was a post hoc analysis of data from the phase IIb/III DREAM study. Patients ≥12 years of age with severe eosinophil…