Search results for "Drinking"
showing 10 items of 359 documents
Urinary ethyl glucuronide (uEtG) as a marker for alcohol consumption in liver transplant candidates: a real-world cohort
2020
In order to reduce alcohol relapse after liver transplantation (LT), the German national guidelines for waiting-list maintenance and organ allocation demand a minimum 6-month period of alcohol abstinence pre-LT, confirmed by measuring urinary ethyl glucuronide (uEtG). Between January 2015 and June 2016, uEtG was measured at least once in 339 cirrhotic patients with an indication for LT at the University Medical Center Mainz. uEtG was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening test (cutoff value: 500 µg/L). For uEtG values ≥ 500 µg/L, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed as a confirmatory assay. Data were collected prospectively in a tra…
Use of Alcohol and Alcohol-related Morbidity in Finnish Former Elite Athletes
2017
Introduction: The effect of a history of competitive sports on later use of alcohol and occurrence of alcohol-related diseases is poorly known. We investigated how a history of elite level sports was associated with alcohol consumption in middle-age and with alcohol-related morbidity and mortality. Methods: The occurrence of alcohol-related diseases and deaths were followed using national registers from 1970 to 2008 among Finnish male former elite athletes (n = 2202) and matched controls (n = 1403) alive in 1970 (mean age = 45.1 yr). Hazard ratios were calculated by Cox proportional hazards model. In 1985, surviving participants questionnaire-reported their alcohol consumption and engagemen…
The Novel μ-Opioid Receptor Antagonist GSK1521498 Decreases Both Alcohol Seeking and Drinking: Evidence from a New Preclinical Model of Alcohol Seeki…
2015
Distinct environmental and conditioned stimuli influencing ethanol-associated appetitive and consummatory behaviors may jointly contribute to alcohol addiction. To develop an effective translational animal model that illuminates this interaction, daily seeking responses, maintained by alcohol-associated conditioned stimuli (CSs), need to be dissociated from alcohol drinking behavior. For this, we established a procedure whereby alcohol seeking maintained by alcohol-associated CSs is followed by a period during which rats have the opportunity to drink alcohol. This cue-controlled alcohol-seeking procedure was used to compare the effects of naltrexone and GSK1521498, a novel selective μ-opioi…
Polyunsaturated fatty acids interact with the PPARA-L162V polymorphism to affect plasma triglyceride and apolipoprotein C-III concentrations in the F…
2005
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a nuclear transcription factor regulating multiple genes involved in lipid metabolism. It was shown that a common leucine to valine (L162V) substitution at the PPARalpha gene (PPARA) is functional and affects transactivation activity of PPARalpha ligands, such as PUFA, on a concentration-dependent basis. The current study examined this gene-nutrient interaction in relation to plasma lipid variables in a population-based study consisting of 1003 men and 1103 women participating in the Framingham cohort and consuming their habitual diets. We found significant gene-nutrient interactions between the L162V polymorphism and total PUF…
Chronic psychosocial stress and antidepressant treatment in tree shrews: time-dependent behavioral and endocrine effects.
1999
Abstract Social defeat has been shown to cause a number of behavioral, physiological, and central nervous changes in male tree shrews. The present study was designed to assess: (i) a potential time lag in the occurrence of behavioral alterations (locomotor activity, self-grooming, marking behavior, food and water intake, and avoidance behavior) after stress and long-term antidepressant treatment; and (ii) to investigate potential interactions between behavioral and endocrine variables (urinary cortisol and norepinephrine). Male tree shrews were submitted to chronic psychosocial stress for 39 days. In this paradigm, the stress-induced behavioral and endocrine alterations in subordinate anima…
Adolescent binge‐ethanol accelerates cognitive impairment and β‐amyloid production and dysregulates endocannabinoid signaling in the hippocampus of A…
2019
Previous research in rodents suggests that the long‐term neurobehavioral disturbances induced by chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure could be due to endocannabinoid system (ECS) alterations. Moreover, ECS failure has been proposed to mediate the cognitive impairment and β‐amyloid production in Alzheimer disease (AD). Thus, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of adolescent EtOH binge drinking on the cognitive disturbances, hippocampal β‐amyloid levels, and in the ECS expression on a transgenic mouse model (APP/PSEN, AZ) of AD. We exposed AZ and wild‐type mice to a binge‐drinking treatment during adolescence. At 6 and 12 months of age, we evaluated hippocampal‐dependent learning and me…
Epidemiology of enuresis: a large number of children at risk of low regard
2020
Abstract Aim To describe the epidemiological aspects of nocturnal enuresis (NE). In this study we identify the prevalence and the familial conditions in a large, representative sample of children with monosymptomatic NE (MNE) and nonmonosyptomatic NE (NMNE). Material and methods In this descriptive-analytic study the Italian Society of Pediatrics (SIP) promoted a prevalence study of NE using a questionnaire involved 320 primary care Pediatricians from Northern, Central and Southern Italy, from January 2019 to July 2019, with a total of 130,000 children analyzed by questionnaire related to epidemiology and type of NE, familiarity, quality of sleep, eating and drinking habits, pharmacological…
Binge drinking upregulates accumbens mGluR5-Homer2-PI3K signaling: functional implications for alcoholism.
2009
The glutamate receptor-associated protein Homer2 regulates alcohol-induced neuroplasticity within the nucleus accumbens (NAC), but the precise intracellular signaling cascades involved are not known. This study examined the role for NAC metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-Homer2-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling in regulating excessive alcohol consumption within the context of the scheduled high alcohol consumption (SHAC) model of binge alcohol drinking. Repeated bouts of binge drinking ( approximately 1.5 g/kg per 30 min) elevated NAC Homer2a/b expression and increased PI3K activity in this region. Virus-mediated knockdown of NAC Homer2b expression attenuated alcohol intak…
Effect of Predatory Stress on Sucrose Intake and Behavior on the Plus-Maze in Male Mice
1999
In this study, the effect of the exposure of male mice to sensory stimuli from rats was assessed on both sucrose intake and the elevated plus-maze tests. CDl male mice were trained in the sucrose intake task (the prestress phase) and, subsequently, distributed into two groups. The stressed group was accommodated in the same room as rats and the control group with mice (the stress phase). After being transferred, animals were tested on sucrose intake and the plus-maze (acute tests) and retested three times a week for sucrose intake and once on plus-maze on the last day (chronic tests). After acute exposure to the predator, the only difference between stressed and control animals was a higher…
Inguinal hernia and certain risk factors
1992
There are several studies on inguinal hernias that give some clues about the association between this type of hernia and certain risk factors. This association was suspected long ago but had not been demonstrated. The present study tries to correlate the origin of inguinal hernias and the physical effort of the subjects in accordance with their work activity. The results of this study show that physical effort, as a risk factor, is closely related to the appearance of inguinal hernias. A person whose work involves lifting or other strenuous exertion has a higher risk than those whose jobs are less strenuous (p less than 0.05). This conclusion was reached after taking into account not only t…