Search results for "Drug administration"
showing 10 items of 393 documents
Neonatal vaccination with an acellular pertussis vaccine accelerates the acquisition of pertussis antibodies in infants
2007
Objectives Because young infants are at highest risk of pertussis complications, this study assessed whether neonatal acellular pertussis (aP) vaccination could provide earlier immunity. Study design Neonates (n = 121) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either aP or hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) (controls) vaccine at birth, followed by vaccination with DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib at 2, 4 and 6 months. Immune responses were measured. Reactogenicity was assessed for 7 days after each dose. Results The aP birth dose was followed by few adverse events. Reactogenicity of subsequent vaccine doses did not differ between groups. Seven serious adverse events were reported from each group; none were related to…
Changes in ocular signs and symptoms in patients switching from bimatoprost-timolol to tafluprost-timolol eye drops: an open-label phase IV study.
2019
ObjectivesBimatoprost–timolol (bimatoprost 0.03%–timolol 0.5% fixed-dose combination [FDC]) and tafluprost–timolol (tafluprost 0.0015%–timolol 0.5% FDC) eye drops are currently the only topical intraocular pressure (IOP)-reducing therapies available as preservative-free (PF) prostaglandin and timolol FDC. The aim of this study was to investigate changes to ocular signs and symptoms when patients with ocular hypertension (OH) or open-angle glaucoma (OAG) switched from PF or benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-preserved bimatoprost–timolol to PF tafluprost–timolol eye drops.DesignThis was a 12-week, open-label, phase IV study.SettingSixteen centres in Finland, Germany, Italy and the UK.ParticipantsPa…
Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients.
2013
International audience; BACKGROUND: The clinically appropriate duration of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients with acute medical illnesses is unknown. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral rivaroxaban administered for an extended period, as compared with subcutaneous enoxaparin administered for a standard period, followed by placebo. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients 40 years of age or older who were hospitalized for an acute medical illness to receive subcutaneous enoxaparin, 40 mg once daily, for 10±4 days and oral placebo for 35±4 days or to receive subcutaneous placebo for 10±4 days and oral rivaroxaban, 10 mg onc…
Clozapine: Strong antiaggressive effects with minimal motor impairment
1992
Abstract Clinical studies have shown clozapine to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia and associated with an extremely low incidence of extrapiramidal side effects. Diverse studies indicate that clozapine is an atypical neuroleptic with a preferential activity on the mesolimbic structures and a lower affinity for striatal D2 receptors than the classical antipsychotics. The purpose of this study was to assess the behavioral properties of clozapine, especially its effects on aggressive and motor behaviors. Individually housed male mice of the OF1 strain were exposed to anosmic “standard opponents” 30 minutes after the last drug administration. One category of animals received a sin…
Antiaggressive and motor effects of haloperidol show different temporal patterns in the development of tolerance.
1993
Abstract The study of the temporal course of tolerance development was used as a means to separate different aspects of the action of haloperidol on social behavior. Agonistic behavior was studied in isolated male mice that confronted standard opponents (anosmic and grouped conspecifics) in a neutral area. The aggressive and motor behaviors of the experimental animals were evaluated 30 min or 24 h either after a single injection of haloperidol (0.4 mg/kg) or following the last of a series of 15 or 30 injections. When animals were evaluated 30 min after the haloperidol injection, no tolerance to the antiaggressive effects was evident. The action on immobility, on the contrary, showed a clear…
Clarithromycin Versus Azithromycin in the Treatment of Mediterranean Spotted Fever in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
2002
We conducted an open-label randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy and safety of clarithromycin (15/mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses for 7 days) with those of azithromycin (10 mg/kg/day in 1 dose for 3 days) in the treatment of children with Mediterranean spotted fever. Until now, there has not been a gold-standard therapy for this rickettsial disease in children. Eighty-seven children were randomized to receive 1 of the 2 drugs. The mean time to defervescence (+/- standard deviation) was 46.2+/-36.4 h in the clarithromycin group and 39.3+/-31.3 h in the azithromycin group. These differences were not statistically significant and both drugs were equally well-tolerated. Clarithromyci…
Inhibition of myosin light chain kinase reduces brain edema formation after traumatic brain injury.
2010
The role of the endothelial contractile apparatus in the process of brain edema formation after brain trauma is not characterized. Phosphorylation of myosin light chains by myosin light chain kinases (MLCK) activates endothelial contractile elements and results in a rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. This may enhance post-traumatic blood-brain barrier dysfunction. In order to investigate the role of the MLCK on brain edema formation and blood-brain barrier permeability after brain injury, mice were anesthetized and subjected to a controlled cortical impact (CCI). MLCK expression is significantly up-regulated after CCI with a maximum 12 h post-injury. Specific inhibition of MLCK by ML-7 resu…
Isolation decreases physical and motivational aspects of morphine withdrawal
2005
Environmental manipulations such as social housing conditions of animals may play a role in the expression of individual differences in response to drugs. This study aimed to evaluate whether isolated and grouped mice develop different degrees of morphine dependence. Isolated and grouped mice were rendered morphine dependent employing two different methods of induction: a fast or slow protocol, both reaching the same maximum daily dose (100 mg/kg). Naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal was assessed using a modified Gellert-Holtzman scale and a conditioned place aversion (CPA) procedure. Isolated animals manifested fewer signs of physical dependence than grouped mice and only those receiving …
MRI activity and neutralising antibody as predictors of response to interferon beta treatment in multiple sclerosis
2008
Objective: To prospectively validate MRI activity and neutralising anti-interferon antibody (NAb) during the first 6 months of interferon β treatment as response indicators in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Patients with relapsing–remitting MS were followed during the first 2 years of treatment. Neurological assessments were performed every 3 months or when a relapse was suspected. MRI scans performed at baseline and at 3, 4, 5 and 6 months after the start of treatment were assessed centrally for disease activity: new T2 or gadolinium enhancing T1 lesions. NAb were assessed using the MxA protein assay; positivity was defined as two consecutive titres ⩾20 NU/ml. We evaluated the predictiv…
A specific anti-aggressive effect of repeatedly administered lobeline.
2002
The effects of chronic treatments with nicotinic agonists on agonistic encounters have received little attention. The effects of repeated (for 10 days) SC administration of (-)-lobeline (9.3, 18.6 and 37.2 micromol/kg) and (-)-nicotine (0.93, 1.86 and 3.72 micromol/kg) were evaluated using the mouse isolation-induced aggression model. Individually housed OF1 male mice served as experimental animals and were confronted by 'standard opponents'. Each mouse was tested only once on the last day of the repeated drug treatment. Videotaped agonistic encounters were analysed estimating the times allocated to 11 behavioural categories. Repeated treatment with the highest dose of lobeline diminished a…