Search results for "Drug"
showing 10 items of 20161 documents
Copper(I)-catalysed regioselective synthesis of pyrazolo[5,1-c]-1,2,4-triazoles: A DFT mechanistic study
2017
Abstract Formation of pyrazolo[5,1-c]-1,2,4-triazoles by means of Cu(I)-catalysed [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of C,N-cyclic azomethine imines with phenylacetylene, experimentally reported by Katritzky et al. (JOC 2012, 77, 5813), was studied using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Comparison with the uncatalysed 32CA reaction indicates that the Cu(I) catalyst provides new reaction pathways with lower electronic energy barriers in dichloromethane as solvent. The mechanism proposed by Katritzky for the Cu(I) catalysed reaction is compared with that proposed by Sharpless et al. (JACS 127, 2005, 210). The major difference between these two mechanisms lies in the coordination …
Oxoanion binding to a cyclic pseudopeptide containing 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole moieties
2016
A macrocyclic pseudopeptide 3 is described featuring three amide groups and three 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole units along the ring. This pseudopeptide was designed such that the amide NH groups and the triazole CH groups converge toward the cavity, thus creating an environment well suited for anion recognition. Conformational studies in solution combined with X-ray crystallography confirmed this preorganisation. Solubility of 3 restricted binding studies to organic media such as 5 vol% DMSO/acetone or DMSO/water mixtures with a water content up to 5 vol%. These binding studies demonstrated that 3 binds to a variety of inorganic anions in DMSO/acetone including chloride, nitrate, sulfat…
Proline-Modified Porphyrin Catalysts for Enantioselective Epoxidations: Design, Synthesis, and Reactivity
2004
International audience; The syntheses of various strapped and −picket-fence× chiral porphyrins are described, and their reactivities towards the enantioselective epoxidation of alkenes are reported. Four L-proline residues provide the chiralityfor the various meso-substituted catalysts, which differ by either the spatial arrangement of the stereogenic centers or the nature and length of the straps. The resulting bridged structures possess four amide linkages ineach strap, leading to highly rigid molecules with well-defined geometries whereas the strapped Fe catalysts gave rise to only moderate enantioselectivities, the C2-symmetrical ones being superior to the D2-symmetrical compounds. The …
Total Synthesis of (±)-Scopolamine: Challenges of the Tropane Ring
2016
Scopolamine was synthesized using 6,7-dehydrotropine as a key intermediate. Rhodium-catalyzed [4 + 3] cycloaddition chemistry and a modified Robinson–Schopf reaction were each independently evaluated for their utility in constructing the tropane core. Both synthetic approaches gave comparable overall yields.
Protonation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Lapatinib: A Theoretical and Experimental Study
2019
The protonation process of tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib was studied by means of 1HNMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy joint with the theoretical calculations at DFT and semi-empirical levels. DFT/M06-2X geometries were used to describe and compare the different cationic forms of lapatinib, while ZINDO/S-CI method performed on those geometries allowed for the interpretation of experimental UV/Vis spectra of lapatinib at various pH. We found that at low pH two different dicationic forms (N2N1 and N1N3) of lapatinib were present in ethanol and DMSO-d6 solutions. The first protonation, however, occurred on the aliphatic N1 in DMSO-d6, while in ethanol solutions most probably the quinazoline nitr…
Halogen bonds in 2,5-dihalopyridine-copper(II) chloride complexes
2018
Ten coordination complexes obtained through a facile reaction between 2,5-dihalopyridines and copper(II) chloride (CuCl2) are characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction. Two series of dihalopyridine complexes based on 2-chloro-5-X-pyridine and 2-bromo-5-X-pyridine (X = F, Cl, Br and I) were prepared to analyze the C–X2/X5⋯Cl–Cu halogen bonds (XB). The influence of X2- and X5-substituents on the respective interactions was examined by comparing them to the X2/X3⋯Cl–Cu XBs found in mono-substituted halopyridine complexes, (n-X-pyridine)2·CuCl2 (n = 2, 3 and X = Cl, Br and I). Varying the X5-halogens in (2,5-dihalopyridine)2·CuCl2, the C5–X5⋯Cl–Cu XBs follow the order F5 1 and they c…
Fluorine-Containing Drugs Approved by the FDA in 2018
2019
Over the last two decades, fluorine substitution has become one of the essential structural traits in modern pharmaceuticals. Thus, about half of the most successful drugs (blockbuster drugs) contain fluorine atoms. In this review, we profile 17 fluorine-containing drugs approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) in 2018. The newly approved pharmaceuticals feature several types of aromatic F and CF3 , as well as aliphatic (CF2 ) substitution, offering advances in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, HIV, malarial and smallpox infections.
Electron Accumulative Molecules.
2018
With the goal to produce molecules with high electron accepting capacity and low reorganization energy upon gaining one or more electrons, a synthesis procedure leading to the formation of a B–N(aromatic) bond in a cluster has been developed. The research was focused on the development of a molecular structure able to accept and release a specific number of electrons without decomposing or change in its structural arrangement. The synthetic procedure consists of a parallel decomposition reaction to generate a reactive electrophile and a synthesis reaction to generate the B–N(aromatic) bond. This procedure has paved the way to produce the metallacarboranylviologen [M(C2B9H11)(C2B9H10)-NC5H4-…
A family of heterotetrameric clusters of chloride species and halomethanes held by two halogen and two hydrogen bonds
2016
Two previously reported 1,3,5,7,9-pentaazanona-1,3,6,8-tetraenate (PANT) chloride platinum(II) complexes [PtCl{HNC(R)NCN[C(Ph)C(Ph)]CNC(R)NH}] (R = tBu 1, Ph 2) form solvates with halomethanes 1·1¼CH2Cl2, 1·1⅖CH2Br2, and 2·CHCl3. All these species feature novel complex-solvent heterotetrameric clusters, where the structural units are linked simultaneously by two C–X⋯Cl–Pt (X = Cl, Br) halogen and two C–H⋯Cl–Pt hydrogen bonds. The geometric parameters of these weak interactions were determined using single-crystal XRD, and the natures of the XBs and HBs in the clusters were studied for the isolated model systems (1)2·(CH2Cl2)2, (1)2·(CH2Br2)2, and (2)2·(CHCl3)2 using DFT calculations and Bad…
The separation of cis- and trans-1,3-cyclohexanediol isomers by copper complexation. Crystal structures of cis-1,3-cyclohexanediol and copper(II) chl…
2002
Abstract A 1:1 complex between copper(II) chloride and cis-1,3-cyclohexanediol has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined. The structure is composed of two different dinuclear [CuCl2(c-13chd)]2 units in which the copper(II) ions are surrounded by the two oxygen atoms of the diol and the two halide ions in a distorted cis-square planar arrangement in both cases. A fifth coordination site is occupied by a halide ion in one dinuclear unit for both copper ions and an O atom belonging to the adjacent CuCl2(c-13chd) moiety in the other dinuclear unit for both copper ions, thus forming a distorted square pyramidal geometry for the metals in all cases. The ability of CuCl2 to prefere…