Search results for "ECONOMICS"
showing 10 items of 14389 documents
Investigation of the consequences of the modifiable areal unit problem in macroscopic traffic safety analysis: A case study accounting for scale and …
2019
Abstract Traffic safety analysis at the macroscopic level usually relies on previously defined areal traffic analysis zones (TAZs) that are used as the units of investigation. Hence, statistical inference is made on the basis of such units, implying that the consideration of a certain TAZ configuration may influence the results and conclusions achieved. Regarding this, the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) is a well-known issue in the field of spatial statistics, which refers to the effects that arise in statistical properties and estimations when there is a change in areal units of analysis. In this paper, the consequences of MAUP have been investigated through a dataset of traffic cras…
The impact of an urban toll ring on housing prices
2020
Abstract Building on standard urban economics theory we set up a stylized model within which we demonstrate that the imposition of a toll ring leads to higher housing prices within the ring, and lower outside the ring. We examine this prediction empirically by using transaction data for 15,306 dwellings in the Norwegian town of Kristiansand, where since 1992 there has been a toll ring. We find that the toll ring implies 6.9 per cent higher housing prices within the toll ring than outside it. The relationship between toll fees and housing prices seems to be stable over time. The impact of the toll ring on the prices of detached houses, apartments, row houses and twin houses is strikingly dif…
Modelling Drivers’ Adaptation to Assistance Systems
2021
Human factors research and engineering of advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) must consider how drivers adapt to their presence. The major obstruction to this at the moment is poor understanding of the details of the adaptive processes that the human cognition undergoes when faced with such changes. This paper presents a simulation model that predicts how drivers adapt to a steering assistance system. Our approach is based on computational rationality, and demonstrates how task interleaving strategies adapt to the task environment and the driver’s goals and cognitive limitations. A supervisor controls eye movements between the driving and non-driving tasks, making this choice on the …
Web based survey to measuring social interactions, values, attitudes and travel behavior
2018
Abstract This paper presents the data collection methodology developed for Minerva research project. The aim of Minerva is to study the influence of values, attitudes and social interactions on travel behavior. For this purpose, a web based survey has been developed, which consists of several questionnaires to collect respondents’ values and attitudes; a two-day activity-travel diary; information about social interactions; and socio-demographic characteristics. To identify the social contacts, it is being used a contact diary methodology together with the activity-travel diary.
Flexible work arrangements and household-related journeys. Who takes the lead in dual-earner heterosexual couples?
2022
International audience; This research provides an exploration of the relationship between flexible work arrangements (FWA), CO2 emissions, and household travel allocation among dual-earner couples. Using data from the United Kingdom National Travel Survey for the period between 2002 and 2017, we develop a path analysis approach based on SEM that allows for a comprehensive study of travel behavior and trade-off effects. Results suggest that, although the partner who benefits from FWAs tends to carry out domestic provision and maintenance activities, the allocation of tasks within the household is still asymmetrical. Results also outline that the presence of children will intensely affect the…
Surrogate Measures of Safety at Roundabouts in AIMSUN and VISSIM Environment
2018
This paper addresses issues on road safety analysis through microscopic traffic simulation models. The Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) was applied to read vehicle trajectory files generated by two micro-simulators and then calculate surrogate measures of safety. Since safety assessment of any road entity can provide different results based on the micro-simulator which is used, the main objective of this research was to estimate the safety performance of three roundabout layouts and compare the conflict events simulated by AIMSUN and VISSIM. The two micro-simulators were used to build the calibrated models of the roundabouts, each fitting the corresponding empirical capacity functio…
Performance of a sustainable asphalt mix incorporating high RAP content and novel bio-derived binder
2019
The recent drive to find ways to increase sustainability and decrease costs in asphalt paving has led researchers to find innovative ways to incorporate more recycled materials and bio-derived binders into mixes with varying success. A new novel bio-derived binder made from refined pine chemistry stabilised with a polymer can increase the sustainability of asphalt mixes while maintaining pavement performance. Laboratory performance testing was conducted on asphalt mixes containing 50% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) by mix weight and the novel bio-derived binder. Results show that the bio-derived binder outperforms the conventional 50/70 pen grade binder mixes with respect to resistance to…
Modéliser le rôle des paysages dans les choix d'itinéraires pédestres
2008
Actuellement, la marche a pied suscite un regain d'interet comme mode de transport complementaire. Dans le cadre de cet article, nous partons de l'hypothese que l'adaptation de l'environnement urbain aux attentes des pietons, notamment d'un point de vue paysager, est une etape essentielle de la revalorisation de ce mode de deplacement. A cette fin, nous proposons une demarche permettant de decrire les comportements pedestres et d'identifier les preferences paysageres des pietons dans les villes de Besancon et de Lille. La methode d'analyse se fonde sur les modeles de choix discret, couramment utilises dans la modelisation des choix individuels. Celle-ci permet de mesurer, de maniere desagre…
Déclin et réorganisation des lignes transversales en France
2014
Cet article reactualise un premier constat realise il y a dix ans (Transports Urbains n°105). Les lignes transversales a long parcours font partie des liaisons TET dont la convention d’exploitation signee en 2010 arrivera a echeance fin 2015. Leur desserte s’est considerablement degradee, tandis que la concurrence aerienne s’est intensifiee et que d’autres modes concurrents se font menacants (covoiturages, autocar express). Le risque majeur est que, dans un contexte budgetaire delicat, l’AO Etat jette l’eponge alors que le developpement d’autres offres semble montrer qu’un marche existe.
Intrinsic adhesive and cohesive assessment of the moisture sensitivity of bio-rejuvenated recycled asphalt binders
2019
Alternative binders not derived from fossil fuels, known as biobinders, are opening new paths for multiple applications in road infrastructure. Biobinders, usually produced from bio-oils obtained from the processing of biomass and industry by-products, are tuneable materials whose properties can be adjusted to meet specific targets. For this reason, an interesting approach is to couple biobinders with Reclaimed Asphalt (RA) by taking advantage of their rejuvenating properties to design bio-asphalt mixtures with high-content RA and no additional virgin bitumen. Recent research has proven the feasibility of this approach through validation at full-scale (BioRePavation project). However certai…