Search results for "ECONOMIE"

Poverty Reduction: The Paradox of the Endogenous Poverty Line

2007

When evaluating poverty, the relative poverty line may be considered as a percentage of the median income or it may be a percentage of the average income. It is proved that, with a poverty line relative to the median income, reducing poverty may become less costly in proportion to the total income as poverty increases (measured by the Sen, the Sen-Shorrocks-Thon or the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty indexes) by passing from a Lorenz concentration curve to another curve associated with more poverty. This is obviously a paradox, although a largely overlooked one. However, it is shown that the paradox vanishes if the poverty line is relative to the average income. The demonstration is both exp…

The paradox of endogenous poverty line in the poverty indices

2007

february 23-25, 2007; When measuring poverty, the poverty line is considered to be relatively determined as a percentage of the median income or as a percentage of the average income so as to allow international comparisons. The poverty line relative to the median income may be described as endogenous in contrast with the poverty line relative to the average income which may be described as exogenous because it is independent of the normalized distribution of incomes. As the existing literature is focused on the properties of the indices but not on the respective interest of the endogenous and exogenous poverty lines, this paper compares the two definitions of the relative poverty. The Rela…

Is Democracy Exportable?

2017

Among many aspects to the question of whether democracy is exportable, this contribution focuses on the role of the people, understood not as a unitary actor but as a heterogeneous set: the citizens. The people matter, in a different way, both in the countries to which democracy might be exported and in the democratic countries in which the question is about promoting democracy elsewhere. The mechanisms or characteristics involved in the discussion include yardstick competition, differences among citizens in the intensity of their preferences, differences among autocracies regarding intrusion into private life, citizens’ assessments of future regime change, and responsiveness of elected inc…

Is there a pilot in the classroom ?

2012

En ligne sur : http://2012.economicsofeducation.com/user/pdfsesiones/064.pdf; Using data from a survey conducted recently in Madagascar, the article analyzes what teachers and school directors do when they are at work and how they manage the pedagogical process. The results show that in only 15 percent of the sample schools do all of the teachers and school directors consistently perform the tasks considered essential to their role. Engagement at work is found to be significantly lower among contract teachers than among civil service teachers, and the ability of teachers to manage the pedagogical process does not improve with accumulated experience. Other noteworthy features in the importan…

La valeur économique des paysages des villes périurbanisées

2007

La recherche présentée ici propose une méthode de description et d’évaluation des caractéristiques d’un paysage qui combine la géographie quantitative et l’économétrie des modèles hédoniques. Un modèle géographique produit des indices caractérisant les paysages à partir d’une reconstitution de la vue depuis le sol, en tenant compte des effets du relief et des masques que les objets hauts opposent à la vue. Il décrit la quantité de paysage vu par un observateur au niveau du sol en la répartissant entre 13 types d’occupations du sol. Les variables produites par le modèle géographique sont utilisées dans des régressions hédoniques qui permettent d’évaluer l’impact des attributs paysagers ain…

ICT demand behaviour: An international comparison

2009

This study aims to provide some empirical explanations for the gaps in ICT diffusion between industrialized countries, especially European countries vis-à-vis the United States. The panel data cover eleven OECD countries: Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. These annual macroeconomic data span the 1981-2005 period.The analysis provides some original results: (i) the impact on ICT diffusion of the level of education and market rigidities has changed over time. The correlation of ICT diffusion, positive with the level of education and negative with market rigidities, increased over time (in absolute terms)…

Les incitations "explicites" à la prévention peuvent-elles être efficaces en médecine libérale ?

2007

disponible sur : http://www.ces-asso.org/docs/JESF_2007/ammi.pdf

Motivations des médecins et comportement de prévention.

2007

disponible sur : http://www.ces-asso.org/docs/JESF_2007/batifoulier.pdf

Bicycles in rush hour : Concluding neutrality and war

2019

Advanced Services and Regional Integration. The Case of the CEECs

2005

Working Papers on Services, Space, Society (WPSSS17)http://www.gees.bham.ac.uk/research/ssru/papers/wpsss17.pdf