Search results for "EEC"

Independent component analysis on the mismatch negativity in an uninterrupted sound paradigm.

2008

We compared the efficiency of the independent component analysis (ICA) decomposition procedure against the difference wave (DW) and optimal digital filtering (ODF) procedures in the analysis of the mismatch negativity (MMN). The comparison was made in a group of 54 children aged 8-16 years. The MMN was elicited in a passive oddball protocol presenting uninterrupted auditory stimulation consisting of two frequent alternating tones (600 and 800 Hz) of 100 ms duration each. Infrequently, one of the 600 Hz tones was shortened to 50 or 30 ms. The event related potentials (ERPs) were decomposed into the MMN-like and non-MMN-like independent components (ICs) through the FastICA algorithm. The ICA …

Auditory Training in Deaf Children

2010

Deaf children are, earlier than in the past, identified and can benefit of new and highperformance devices (as cochlear implants or digital hearing aids). However, a great variability in their spoken language skills is observed (12) and first attributable to the well-known effect of the age of auditory rehabilitation (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22). The second assessment concerns the way speech disorders are treated: new technologies are not linked to any change in the way speech therapy is delivered, particularly in the field of auditory training. Auditory training constitutes an important part of the speech therapy addressed to the deaf children and must start as soon as possible. The go…

Speech rehabilitation during the first year after total laryngectomy

2012

Background Gaining a new voice is one of the major aims after total laryngectomy. The objective of this study was to describe the process and results of speech rehabilitation during the first year after surgery. Methods Speech intelligibility was measured 6 months (n = 273) and 1 year (n = 225) after total laryngectomy. Results Objective (23.4 to 47.5 points, p < .0001) and subjective (51.6 to 64.7 points, p < .0001) speech intelligibility improved between 6 months and 1 year after total laryngectomy. Patients who used tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) had the best results in speech intelligibility 6 months and 1 year after total laryngectomy. In all, 12% of the patients who used TEP initial…

Republication de: recommandations formalisées d'experts. Prise en charge de la patiente avec une pré-éclampsie sévère–RFE communes Société française …

2022

International audience; Objective: To provide national guidelines for the management of women with severe preeclampsia. Design: A consensus committee of 26 experts was formed. A formal conflict of interest (COI) policy was developed at the onset of the process and enforced throughout. The entire guidelines process was conducted independently of any industrial funding. The authors were advised to follow the principles of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE®) system to guide assessment of quality of evidence. The potential drawbacks of making strong recommendations in the presence of low-quality evidence were emphasized. Methods: The last SFAR and CNGO…

2018

The pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) is engaged in speech comprehension under difficult circumstances such as poor acoustic signal quality or time-critical conditions. Previous studies found that left pre-SMA is activated when subjects listen to accelerated speech. Here, the functional role of pre-SMA was tested for accelerated speech comprehension by inducing a transient "virtual lesion" using continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS). Participants were tested (1) prior to (pre-baseline), (2) 10 min after (test condition for the cTBS effect), and (3) 60 min after stimulation (post-baseline) using a sentence repetition task (formant-synthesized at rates of 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 syllab…

Brain event-related potentials to phoneme contrasts and their correlation to reading skills in school-age children

2017

Development of reading skills has been shown to be tightly linked to phonological processing skills and to some extent to speech perception abilities. Although speech perception is also known to play a role in reading development, it is not clear which processes underlie this connection. Using event-related potentials (ERPs) we investigated the speech processing mechanisms for common and uncommon sound contrasts (/ba/-/da/-/ga/ and /ata/-/at: a/) with respect to the native language of school-age children in Finland and the US. In addition, a comprehensive behavioral test battery of reading and phonological processing was administered. ERPs revealed that the children could discriminate betw…

Online Adaptation to Altered Auditory Feedback Is Predicted by Auditory Acuity and Not by Domain-General Executive Control Resources

2018

Published: 12 March 2018 When a speaker's auditory feedback is altered, he adapts for the perturbation by altering his own production, which demonstrates the role of auditory feedback in speech motor control. In the present study, we explored the role of auditory acuity and executive control in this process. Based on the DIVA model and the major cognitive control models, we expected that higher auditory acuity, and better executive control skills would predict larger adaptation to the alteration. Thirty-six Spanish native speakers performed an altered auditory feedback experiment, executive control (numerical Stroop, Simon and Flanker) tasks, and auditory acuity tasks (loudness, pitch, and …

Music Training Enhances Rapid Neural Plasticity of N1 and P2 Source Activation for Unattended Sounds

2012

Neurocognitive studies have demonstrated that long-term music training enhances the processing of unattended sounds. It is not clear, however, whether music training also modulates rapid (within tens of minutes) neural plasticity for sound encoding. To study this phenomenon, we examined whether adult musicians display enhanced rapid neural plasticity compared to non-musicians. More specifically, we compared the modulation of P1, N1, and P2 responses to standard sounds between four unattended passive blocks. Among the standard sounds, infrequently presented deviant sounds were presented (the so-called oddball paradigm). In the middle of the experiment (after two blocks), an active task was p…

Auditory evoked potentials to changes in speech sound duration in anesthetized mice

2018

AbstractElectrophysiological response termed mismatch negativity (MMN) indexes auditory change detection in humans. An analogous response, called the mismatch response (MMR), is also elicited in animals. Mismatch response has been widely utilized in investigations of change detection in human speech sounds in rats and guinea pigs, but not in mice. Since e.g. transgenic mouse models provide important advantages for further studies, we studied processing of speech sounds in anesthetized mice. Auditory evoked potentials were recorded from the dura above the auditory cortex to changes in duration of a human speech sound /a/. In oddball stimulus condition, the MMR was elicited at 53-259 ms laten…

Mismatch negativity (MMN) elicited by changes in phoneme length: A cross-linguistic study

2006

Speech sounds representing different phonetic categories are typically easier to discriminate than sounds belonging to the same category. This phenomenon is referred to as the phoneme boundary effect. We aimed to determine whether, at neural level, this effect is indeed due to crossing the phoneme boundary. The mismatch negativity (MMN) brain response was measured for across- and within-category changes in Finnish phoneme length in native speakers and second-language users of Finnish as well as non-Finnish-speaking subjects. The results showed that the MMN amplitude was enhanced in the native speakers in comparison with the two non-native groups which, in turn, did not differ from each othe…