Search results for "EFA"
showing 10 items of 1142 documents
How costly are debt crises?
2011
The aim of this paper is to assess the short- and medium-term impact of debt crises on GDP. Using an unbalanced panel of 154 countries from 1970 to 2008, the paper shows that debt crises produce significant and long-lasting output losses, reducing output by about 10 percent after eight years. The results also suggest that debt crises tend to be more detrimental than banking and currency crises. The significance of the results is robust to different specifications, identification and endogeneity checks, and datasets.
Measurement and Modeling of the Origins of Starvation of Congestion-Controlled Flows in Wireless Mesh Networks
2009
Significant progress has been made in understanding the behavior of TCP and congestion-controlled traffic over CSMA-based multihop wireless networks. Despite these advances, however, no prior work identified severe throughput imbalances in the basic scenario of mesh networks, in which a one-hop flow contends with a two-hop flow for gateway access. In this paper, we demonstrate via real network measurements, testbed experiments, and an analytical model that starvation exists in such a scenario; i.e., the one-hop flow receives most of the bandwidth, while the two-hop flow starves. Our analytical model yields a solution consisting of a simple contention window policy that can be implemented vi…
Change and stability: Within-person life satisfaction over a 20-year period using data from the HUNT survey
2020
Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate within-person life satisfaction (LS) dynamics for two age groups, 20–29 and 30–39 years, from 1984 to 1986 and to follow them over a 20-year period. Methods: Data from 1984 to 2008 were extracted from the large, prospective, longitudinal North-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), Norway. This paper includes data from more than 14,500 persons. Data were analysed using logistic regression, and LS dynamics were modelled using gender, time and self-rated health. Results: The analyses revealed that about 20% of people in these age groups had a stable level in LS, also known as set point. Long-term LS change, defined as ⩾2 SDs, was reported f…
F.A. Wolf, la scienza dell’antichità e noi: come possiamo uscire dal XIX secolo?
2011
International audience; Wolf’s historical-philological Altertumswissenschaft was an academic knowlegde helpful to the State because of its space and time limits, its methods and rhetoric, his idea of the Ancients as a mirror of modern ideals. The present crisis of this paradigm can be related to State’s decline and to modern globalisation, then to the development of fragmented research fields. This development isolated scholars from society and strengthened the problem of the meaning of studies. We can find a possible meaning of these studies for example: 1) by writing the history of the non-violent fights, 2) by trying the counterfactual history or the countertextual writing, examining the…
Integro-differential equation modelling heat transfer in conducting, radiating and semitransparent materials
1998
In this work we analyse a model for radiative heat transfer in materials that are conductive, grey and semitransparent. Such materials are for example glass, silicon, water and several gases. The most important feature of the model is the non-local interaction due to exchange of radiation. This, together with non-linearity arising from the well-known Stefan-Boltzmann law, makes the resulting heat equation non-monotone. By analysing the terms related to heat radiation we prove that the operator defining the problem is pseudomonotone. Hence, we can prove the existence of weak solution in the cases where coercivity can be obtained. In the general case, we prove the solvability of the system us…
Influence of Elevated Pressure on the Torrefaction of Wood
2016
The use of pressurized reactors in industrial processes can improve efficiency and economics. Torrefaction is a partial pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass designed to result in a solid product with improved fuel properties for utilization in combustion and gasification. In this work, the influence of elevated pressure on the torrefaction of wood has been investigated. Wood samples were torrefied using a pressurized thermogravimetric reactor (PTGR) with pressures of 0.1 to 2.1 MPa. The results indicate that reactor pressure, particle size of feedstock, and wood species are all factors in torrefaction yield improvements. Torrefaction at 2.1 MPa pressure improved the higher heating value (ca…
Yiyun Li’s A Thousand Years of Good Prayers and Murakami Haruki’s Men Without Women: Rarefaction and Suspension of Time 时间的稀薄及悬浮：李翊云的 A Thousand Year…
2022
This paper illustrates resonances of style in the two works, "A Thousand Years of Good Prayers" by the Chinese woman writer Yiyun Li and "Men Without Women" by the Japanese author Murakami Haruki, that present some similarities.
Alteraciones del ritmo del sueño en modelos animales de encefalopatia hepática
2016
Introducción: La encefalopatía hepática (EH) es un síndrome neuropsiquiátrico presente en pacientes con enfermedades hepáticas que conduce a diferentes alteraciones neurológicas que pueden llevar al coma y la muerte. Dentro de las manifestaciones neurológicas precoces de la enfermedad, están las alteraciones del sueño con una prevalencia casi del 50% en pacientes con cirrosis hepática sin evidencia clínica. En la actualidad, varios grupos de investigación han demostrado que el deterioro cognitivo y motor de los pacientes con enfermedades hepáticas se reproduce en modelos animales con EH e hiperamonémia sin fallo hepático, así que del mismo modo, estos deben reproducir las alteraciones del s…
Torrefaction and pyrolysis of metal-enriched poplars from phytotechnologies: Effect of temperature and biomass chlorine content on metal distribution…
2017
Abstract Torrefaction (290 °C) and pyrolysis (450 and 800 °C) trials were performed at pilot scale with a patented reactor on metal-enriched poplars from a contaminated soil managed by phytotechnologies and poplars cultivated on uncontaminated soil, for comparison. This study emphasized the influence of temperature on end-product yield, metal distribution in end-products and metal behavior. Results showed that the evolution of the end-product yield, i.e. biochar, bio-oil and gas fractions, was depending on temperature rather than other parameters such as the origin or metal content of the tested poplars. Torrefaction decreased the processed poplars weight, leading to metal-enriched torrefie…
Approche scientifique de la qualité par l'analyse sensorielle et instrumentale
1991
National audience