Search results for "EFE"
showing 10 items of 5785 documents
Taste perception and its effects on oral nutritional supplements in younger life phases.
2018
Purpose of review The current review summarizes the importance of taste perception with regard to acceptance of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in young children. We also shed light on how basic tastes may influence the orosensory detection of ONS in the light of genetic variations, encoding for different taste modalities, particularly for sweet and bitter (and fat), in children. Recent findings Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of bitter and sweet taste receptor genes, that is, respectively, TAS2R38 and T1R2/T1R3, may influence orosensory perception of ‘bitter-made-sweet’ ONS. The SNP of fat taste receptor gene, that is, CD36, might communicate with bitter taste perception. The emerg…
Role of the antioxidant defence system and telomerase in arsenic-induced genomic instability
2016
Arsenic (AS) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducer carcinogen, whose mode of action is still unclear. To defend against ROS, cells use enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Failure of antioxidant systems (AXS) can result in dicentric chromosomes formation as well as telomere associations for the reduced activity of telomerase. In order to clarify the long-term effects of a past AS exposure, we evaluated the efficiency of the AXS and the telomerase activity in the progeny of arsenite-treated cells named ASO (arsenic shake-off) cells, previously obtained from arsenite-treated V79 cells and selected by shake-off. Despite SOD1 expression…
Parallel and Space-Efficient Construction of Burrows-Wheeler Transform and Suffix Array for Big Genome Data
2016
Next-generation sequencing technologies have led to the sequencing of more and more genomes, propelling related research into the era of big data. In this paper, we present ParaBWT, a parallelized Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) and suffix array construction algorithm for big genome data. In ParaBWT, we have investigated a progressive construction approach to constructing the BWT of single genome sequences in linear space complexity, but with a small constant factor. This approach has been further parallelized using multi-threading based on a master-slave coprocessing model. After gaining the BWT, the suffix array is constructed in a memory-efficient manner. The performance of ParaBWT has b…
Alternative Splice Forms of CYLD Mediate Ubiquitination of SMAD7 to Prevent TGFB Signaling and Promote Colitis
2018
Background & Aims The CYLD lysine 63 deubiquitinase gene (CYLD) encodes tumor suppressor protein that is mutated in familial cylindromatosus, and variants have been associated with Crohn disease (CD). Splice forms of CYLD that lack exons 7 and 8 regulate transcription factors and functions of immune cells. We examined the expression of splice forms of CYLD in colon tissues from patients with CD and their effects in mice. Methods We performed immunohistochemical analyses of colon tissues from patients with untreated CD and patients without inflammatory bowel diseases (controls). We obtained mice that expressed splice forms of CYLD (sCYLD mice) without or with SMAD7 (sCYLD/SMAD7 mice) from tr…
Topoisomerase 1 inhibition suppresses inflammatory genes and protects from death by inflammation
2015
Unwinding DNA and unleasing inflammation Fighting infections often comes with collateral damage, which sometimes can be deadly. For instance, in septic shock, the overwhelming release of inflammatory mediators drives multi-organ failure. Rialdi et al. now report a potential new therapeutic target for controlling excessive inflammation: the DNA unwinding enzyme topoisomerase I (Top1) (see the Perspective by Pope and Medzhitov). Upon infection, Top1 specifically localizes to the promoters of pathogen-induced genes and promotes their transcription by helping to recruit RNA polymerase II. Pharmacological inhibition of Top1 in a therapeutic setting increased survival in several mouse models of s…
Over-expression of CsGSTU promotes tolerance to the herbicide alachlor and resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci in transgenic tobacco
2017
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) mainly catalyze the nucleophilic addition of glutathione to a large variety of hydrophobic molecules participating to the vacuole compartmentalization of many toxic compounds. In this work, the putative tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants over-expressing CsGSTU genes towards the chloroacetanilide herbicide alachlor was investigated. Our results show that the treatment with 0.0075 mg cm-3 of alachlor strongly affects the growth of both wild type and transformed tobacco seedlings with the sole exception of the transgenic lines overexpressing CsGSTU2 isoform that are barely influenced by herbicide treatment. In order to correlate the in planta studies with en…
Iron-loaded transferrin (Tf) is detrimental whereas iron-free Tf confers protection against brain ischemia by modifying blood Tf saturation and subse…
2018
Despite transferrin being the main circulating carrier of iron in body fluids, and iron overload conditions being known to worsen stroke outcome through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage, the contribution of blood transferrin saturation (TSAT) to stroke brain damage is unknown. The objective of this study was to obtain evidence on whether TSAT determines the impact of experimental ischemic stroke on brain damage and whether iron-free transferrin (apotransferrin, ATf)-induced reduction of TSAT is neuroprotective. We found that experimental ischemic stroke promoted an early extravasation of circulating iron-loaded transferrin (holotransferrin, HTf) to the ischemic brain parenchyma.…
Susceptibility to Heart Defects in Down Syndrome Is Associated with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in HAS 21 Interferon Receptor Cluster and VEGFA G…
2020
Background: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are present in about 40&ndash
The protective value of a defensive display varies with the experience of wild predators
2019
AbstractPredation has driven the evolution of diverse adaptations for defence among prey, and one striking example is the deimatic display. While such displays can resemble, or indeed co-occur with, aposematic ‘warning’ signals, theory suggests deimatic displays may function independently of predator learning. The survival value of deimatic displays against wild predators has not been tested before. Here we used the mountain katydid Acripeza reticulata to test the efficacy of a putative deimatic display in the wild. Mountain katydids have a complex defence strategy; they are camouflaged at rest, but reveal a striking red-, blue-, and black-banded abdomen when attacked. We presented live kat…
Effects of innovative and conventional sanitizing treatments on the reduction of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera defects on industrial durum wheat bread
2016
Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Hyphopichia burtonii and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera are spoilage yeasts causing chalk mold defects on sliced bread packaged under modified atmosphere. The first objective of this study, carried out in a bread-making company for two consecutive years, was to genetically identify yeasts isolated from spoiled sliced bread in Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) and to determine the dominant species among identified strains. The second objective was to evaluate the effects of hydrogen peroxide and silver solution 12% (HPS) treatment in the leavening cells and cooling chambers, in comparison with the conventional Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) fumigating treatment, on the inc…