Search results for "ELECTROLYTE"
showing 10 items of 746 documents
I.R. Experimental studies of dynamical aspects of water structure: Effects of HD substitution and of small solutes
1980
Abstract Results on i.r. absorption spectra of H2O, D2O and electrolytic solutions and their thermal modifications are presented. From the data, some parameters can be obtained which are suitable for a description of dynamical aspects of water structure. Solute induced changes of these parameters provide a quantitative, although phenomenologic description of the water-solute interaction.
Topologically Controlled Inter-Polyelectrolyte Complexes between Molecular Bottlebrushes and Dendrimers
2010
The complexation of a cylindrical polyelectrolyte−brush-surfactant complex (PMMPSS−C12) and an oppositely charged generation-5 PAMAM dendrimer (G5-PAMAM) in methanol (MeOH) leads to kinetically con...
Ester Functional Epoxide Monomers for Random and Gradient Poly(ethylene glycol) Polyelectrolytes with Multiple Carboxylic Acid Moieties
2020
The tailormade ester functional epoxides, methyl 4,5-epoxypentenoate (MEP) and tbutyl 4,5-epoxypentenoate (tBEP), were synthesized in good overall yields (60–65%) in short reaction sequences. Both ...
Topologically Controlled Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes
2008
The complexation of a cylindrical polyelectrolyte−brush−surfactant complex (PMMPSS−C12) and an oppositely, highly charged cylindrical polyelectrolyte−brush (PMMPEI−PEO) in dimethylformamide (DMF) l...
Studien zum Vorgang der Wasserstoffübertragung, 49: Zur Frage der Auslösung einer optischen Induktion durch Anwendung optisch aktiver Ephedrinderivat…
1978
Die quartaren Ephedriniumsalze 1–5 sowie die bekannten Kronenether 6 und 7 werden als Leitsalze bei der Elektroreduktion von Acetophenon eingesetzt. Hierbei wird das Produktverhaltnis: sekundarer Alkohol (A) zum Diol (B) sowie die optische Induktion von A wesentlich durch das Leitsalz beeinflust. Es wird hieraus der Schlus gezogen, das weniger die Elektrosorption der Leitsalze an die Quecksilberoberflache als vielmehr feldbedingte Orientierungs- und Assoziations-phanomene zwischen optisch aktivem Leitsalz und prochiralem Substrat im diffusen Bereich der elektrochemischen Doppelschicht wirksam sind. Studies on the Occurrence of Hydrogen Transfer, 49: On the Optical Induction Produced in the …
Aqueous solution chemistry of alkyltin(IV) compounds for speciation studies in biological fluids and natural waters
2012
Abstract Organotin(IV) cations behave as Lewis acids of different strength depending on the charge, according to the following acidity scale: RSn3+ > R2Sn2+ > R3Sn+. For this reason they can react with Lewis bases containing –O, –N, –S donor groups to form complex species of different stability. Complex formation of organotin(IV) moieties with a great number of inorganic and organic ligands in aqueous solution is reviewed here in the light of their environmental and biological impact. To this end, complex species formation was considered in different ionic media and at different ionic strengths, with reference to the composition of natural waters and biological fluids. In particular, the in…
Conductance in homomorphous solvents: Tetrabutylammonium salts and alkali picrates in butyrolactone-sulfolane mixtures
1983
Conductance measurements are reported for LiPi, NaPi, KPi, RbPi, CsPi, Bu4NPi, Bu4NBr, Bu4NClO4, Bu4NNO3, and Bu4NBBu4 at 25°C in γ-butyrolactone-sulfolane mixtures. In these mixtures of solvents that are practically homomorphous, isodielectic and with comparable dipole moments, the ion pair association and ionic mobilities of large ions conform to the expectations of the primitive model. Electrolytes containing lithium or sodium ions show anomalies indicating that other factors besides shape, dipole moment, and polarizability of the solvent molecules are involved in the association and transport processes of these ions.
Controlling the cohesion of cement paste
2005
The main source of cohesion in cement paste is the nanoparticles of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), which are formed upon the dissolution of the original tricalcium silicate (C(3)S). The interaction between highly charged C-S-H particles in the presence of divalent calcium counterions is strongly attractive because of ion-ion correlations and a negligible entropic repulsion. Traditional double-layer theory based on the Poisson-Boltzmann equation becomes qualitatively incorrect in these systems. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in the framework of the primitive model of electrolyte solution is then an alternative, where ion-ion correlations are properly included. In addition to divalent calciu…
Interfacial Self-Assembly of Water-Soluble Cationic Porphyrins for the Reduction of Oxygen to Water
2012
Meet at the border: Assembly of the water-soluble cobalt tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin [CoTMPyP]4+ at soft interfaces is enhanced and stabilized by its interfacial interaction with the lipophilic anion (C6F5)4B−. The supramolecular structure thus formed (see picture) provides excellent catalytic activity in the four-electron reduction of oxygen.
Tetraurea calix[4]arenes with sulfur functions: synthesis, dimerization to capsules, and self-assembly on gold.
2007
Various calix[4]arene derivatives, fixed in the cone conformation by decylether groups and functionalized at their wide rim by urea residues, were synthesized. In two compounds (4f,g) sulfur functions were attached to the urea groups via different spacers in order to allow binding to metal surfaces. While they exist as single molecules in polar solvents, tetraurea calix[4]arenes of this type (4) combine to form dimeric capsules in aprotic, apolar solvents. A solvent molecule is usually included in such a capsule, if no guest with a higher affinity is present. In the presence of an equimolar amount of the tetratosylurea 5, the exclusive formation of heterodimers, consisting of one molecule o…