Search results for "EMOTION"
showing 10 items of 1864 documents
Childhood methylphenidate treatment of ADHD and response to affective stimuli
2009
Neural correlates of emotional dysregulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and persisting influence of Methylphenidate (MPH) still remain insufficiently understood. Decreased activation in the subgenual cingulate and the ventral striatum were found during the perception of positive and negative affective pictures in drug-naïve males with ADHD during childhood (n=10). Males with ADHD during childhood treated with MPH (n=10) did not show any significant differences compared to healthy controls (n=10). Further prospective studies need to clarify direct and indirect mechanisms of MPH treatment that may contribute to emotional processing, which is dysfunctional in males with…
Body-related attentional biases in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder resulting from childhood sexual abuse with and without co-occurring bo…
2015
Abstract Background and objectives Disturbed body perception is a common characteristic of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after childhood sexual abuse (CSA). We examined the extent to which biased information processing of body related stimuli was related to CSA. Methods Patients with PTSD after CSA (PTSD group; n = 61) were compared to healthy controls (HC group; n = 30). The PTSD group was subdivided into patients with comorbid Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD; PTSD+ group) and patients without BPD (PTSD-group). We used an emotional Stroop task (EST) with body-related words to assess biased information processing. Results Only patients in the PTSD+ group but not in…
Neural correlates of an attentional bias to health-threatening stimuli in individuals with pathological health anxiety
2017
Background: An attentional bias to health-threat stimuli is assumed to represent the primary pathogenetic factor for the development and maintenance of pathological health anxiety (PHA; formerly termed “hypochondriasis”). However, little is known about the neural basis of this attentional bias in individuals with PHA.Methods: A group of patients with PHA, a group of depressed patients and a healthy control group completed an emotional Stroop task with health-threat (body symptom and illness) words and neutral control words while undergoing functional MRI.Results: We included 33 patients with PHA, 28 depressed patients and 31 controls in our analyses. As reflected in reaction times, patients…
Teoría de la mente y funcionalidad en pacientes bipolares en remisión sintomática
2013
Introducción: Los déficits en la funcionalidad son comunes durante la remisión en el trastorno bipolar (TB). Adicionalmente, existe evidencia de alteraciones en la cognición social en remisión clínica. Estos déficits podrían contribuir a la disfunción observada en estos pacientes. Material y métodos: Doce pacientes bipolares en remisión sintomática (7 bipolares tipo i y 5 de tipo ii) y 12 individuos controles sin patología psiquiátrica completaron el Test de las Miradas y el Test de Faux Pas para evaluar teoría de la mente (ToM), y el Test Breve para la Evaluación de la Funcionalidad (FAST). Resultados: El desempeño de los pacientes bipolares en el aspecto cognitivo de la ToM se ubicó por d…
Psychopathological and emotional deficits in myotonic dystrophy
1998
OBJECTIVE—To evaluate psychopathological disturbances in patients with myotonic dystrophy (MD) and compare patients with MD to both patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) and healthy control subjects. METHODS—A semistructured interview was used to determine DSM III-R criteria for major depressive episodes, dysthymic episodes, and generalised anxiety. The Montgomery and Asberg and the Hamilton depressive scales, the Covi and Tyrer anxiety scales, the Abrams and Taylor scale for emotional blunting, and the depressive mood scale were all used in the study. Subjects were also asked to complete questionnaires for physical and social anhedonia. RESULTS—Fifteen patients with MD, 11 pat…
Spirituality in patients with advanced illness: The role of symptom control, resilience and social network.
2015
In this study, we analyzed the relationships among clinical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of patients with advanced illness. It was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 108 patients in an advanced illness situation attended by palliative care teams. Statistically significant correlations were found between some dimensions of spirituality and poor symptomatic control, resiliency, and social support. In the structural model, three variables predicted spirituality: having physical symptoms as the main source of discomfort, resiliency, and social support. This work highlights the relevance of the relationships among spirituality and other aspects of the patient at the end o…
High Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Emotional Distress in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
2011
Quality of life, which is impaired in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), is influenced by comorbid mental disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and spectrum of mental disorders and to determine levels of emotional distress in patients with CSU. One hundred patients with CSU were investigated for mental disorders (by specialized diagnostic interviews and psychometric instruments), levels of emotional distress (by the Global Severity Index of the Symptom Check List; SCL-90R GSI) and underlying causes of their urticaria (by dermatological assessment). Forty-eight percent of patients with CSU were diagnosed with one or more psychosomatic disorders; most c…
Childhood Neglect: Exploring a Short Questionnaire in Poland and Germany
2013
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Estimates about childhood abuse and neglect in various countries of the world indicate that cases of neglect outnumber cases of abuse by far. However, childhood neglect itself constitutes a neglected domain in psychological and medical research; far more articles have been published about abuse. <b><i>Sampling and Methods:</i></b> A ten-item questionnaire assessing childhood neglect was administered to two surveys in Poland (n = 508) and Germany (n = 500) via the internet. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Internal consistency was high in both countries, i.e. Cronbach's α was 0.82 in Poland and 0.88 in Ge…
Anxiety and subjective quality of life preoperatively and 4 months after reduction mammaplasty.
2005
Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of anxiety, psychological distress, and subjective quality of life on the basis of the criteria of satisfaction and expectations in a group of women who had undergone reduction mammaplasty for cosmetic reasons. Method The population consisted of 20 women who had requested breast reduction treatment [mean age, 34.70 (±10.94)] for cosmetic reasons. After being informed of the purpose of the study and after giving their written consent, the subjects took part in a psychological examination conducted at two different times (T1, initial medical consultation; T2, 4 months after surgery). At each of these stages, the psycholo…
A comparison of the temporal weighting of annoyance and loudness
2009
The influence of single temporal portions of a sound on global annoyance and loudness judgments was measured using perceptual weight analysis. The stimuli were 900-ms noise samples randomly changing in level every 100 ms. For loudness judgments, Pedersen and Ellermeier [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123, 963-972 (2008)] found that listeners attach greater weight to the beginning and ending than to the middle of a stimulus. Qualitatively similar weights were expected for annoyance. Annoyance and loudness judgments were obtained from 12 listeners in a two-interval forced-choice task. The results demonstrated a primacy effect for the temporal weighting of both annoyance and loudness. However, a signific…