Search results for "ENaC"

Evolution of the Globin Gene Family in Deuterostomes: Lineage-Specific Patterns of Diversification and Attrition

2012

In the Metazoa, globin proteins display an underlying unity in tertiary structure that belies an extraordinary diversity in primary structures, biochemical properties, and physiological functions. Phylogenetic reconstructions can reveal which of these functions represent novel, lineage-specific innovations, and which represent ancestral functions that are shared with homologous globin proteins in other eukaryotes and even prokaryotes. To date, our understanding of globin diversity in deuterostomes has been hindered by a dearth of genomic sequence data from the Ambulacraria (echinoderms + hemichordates), the sister group of chordates, and the phylum Xenacoelomorpha, which includes xenoturbel…

The antioxidant power of horseradish, Armoracia rusticana, underlies antimicrobial and antiradical effects, exerted in vitro

2018

Armoracia rusticana (AR) was tested for antimicrobial and antioxidants power. The compound demonstrated to inhibit fish pathogens such as Vibrio anguillarum, V. harvey, V. alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida, Photobacterium damselae subspecie piscicida, Tenacibaculum marinum and Pseudomonas anguilliseptica,. The total phenolic content and the reducing power resulted higher in the water extract of AR, respect to the hydroalcoolic. In vitro test demonstrated that AR significantly protect cells against death, induced by oxidative stress.

Ferrer del Río: Rodrigo de Mendoza, noble y coleccionista del Renacimiento

2020

Il neonato che “sa di sale”

2021

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) is a rare genetic disease due to the peripheral resistance to aldosterone. Clinical spectrum with neonatal onset includes salt loss, hyponatremia, hypochloraemia, hyperkalaemia, metabolic acidosis and increased plasmatic levels of aldosterone. Two forms of the disease - renal and systemic – have been described, which are genetically distinct and with wide clinical expressivity. The most severe generalized PHA1 is caused by mutations in the genes encoding for the subunits of the epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). The paper reports the case of a newborn of the first pregnancy of healthy and consanguineous Sicilian parents, with a clinical and hormonal pic…

The Use of Wild Plants in the Palaeolithic and Neolithic of Northwestern Africa: Preliminary Results from the PALEOPLANT Project

2018

Carrión Marco Y., Morales J., Portillo M., Pérez-Jordà G., Peña-Chocarro L., Zapata L. (2018) The Use of Wild Plants in the Palaeolithic and Neolithic of Northwestern Africa: Preliminary Results from the PALEOPLANT Project. En: Mercuri A., D'Andrea A., Fornaciari R., Höhn A. (eds.) Plants and People in the African Past. Springer, Cham

The prophylactic effect of aEugenia aqueaextract against oxidative stress and inflammation associated with the development of arthritis in an adjuvan…

2018

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common human autoimmune disease. A petroleum ether extract of Eugenia aquea (E. aquea) was analyzed by GC/MS. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). An AIA rat model received orally/daily a vehicle, diclofenac (100 mg per kg b.w.), and E. aquea extract (50 or 100 or 200 mg per kg b.w.; for 21 days). Fifty-five out of 70 compounds (97.77%) were identified: eucalyptol (34.14%), α-pinene (15.91%), l-verbenone (8.01%), camphor (7.38%) and borneol (6.74%). In an acute oral toxicity study, the E. aquea extract did not show any toxic effects in rats at 2000 mg/ kg-1. Only a high dose of the…

Drug metabolism by cultured human hepatocytes: how far are we from the in vivo reality?

2004

The investigation of metabolism is an important milestone in the course of drug development. Drug metabolism is a determinant of drug pharmacokinetics variability in human beings. Fundamental to this are phenotypic differences, as well as genotypic differences, in the expression of the enzymes involved in drug metabolism. Genotypic variability is easy to identify by means of polymerase chain reaction-based or DNA chip-based methods, whereas phenotypic variability requires direct measurement of enzyme activities in liver, or, indirectly, measurement of the rate of metabolism of a given compound in vivo. There is a great deal of phenotypic variability in human beings, only a minor part being…

A Review of the Mycotoxin Enniatin B

2017

Mycotoxin enniatin B (ENN B) is a secondary metabolism product by Fusarium fungi. It is a well-known antibacterial, antihelmintic, antifungal, herbicidal, and insecticidal compound. It has been found as a contaminant in several food commodities, particularly in cereal grains, co-occurring also with other mycotoxins. The primary mechanism of action of ENN B is mainly due to its ionophoric characteristics, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. In the last two decades, it has been a topic of great interest since its potent mammalian cytotoxic activity was demonstrated in several mammalian cell lines. Moreover, the co-exposure in vitro with other mycotoxins enhances its toxic potential thro…

Role of mucosal immune response and histopathological study in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) intraperitoneal challenged by Vibrio anguillarum o…

2021

Abstract The external mucus layer that covers fish skin contains numerous immune substances scarcely studied that act as the first line of defence against a broad spectrum of pathogens. This study aimed to characterize and describe for the first time several humoral immune defence parameters in the skin mucus of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) after intraperitoneal injection with Vibrio anguillarum or Tenacibaculum soleae. This study evaluated several immune-related enzymes and bactericidal activity against fish pathogenic bacteria in the skin mucus of European eels at 24, 48, and 72 h post-challenge. The results demonstrated that European eel skin mucus showed significant increments i…

2017

Abstract A characterization of the bacterial community of the hindgut wall of two larval and the adult stages of the forest cockchafer (Melolontha hippocastani) was carried out using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene fragment. It was found that, in second-instar larvae, Caulobacteraceae and Pseudomonaceae showed the highest relative abundances, while in third-instar larvae, the dominant families were Porphyromonadaceae and Bacteroidales-related. In adults, an increase of the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria (γ- and δ- classes) and the family Enterococcaceae (Firmicutes) was observed. This suggests that the composition of the hindgut wall community may depend on the…