Search results for "ERF"
showing 10 items of 12942 documents
Motoristen taitojen arviointiin ja niihin liittyvien vaikeuksien tunnistamiseen käytettävän testin kehittäminen 4-6-vuotiaille lapsille
2015
The aim of the research was to develop a motor skills assessment tool for 4-6- year-old children that would include test items for body awareness and basic motor skills, therefore demonstrating the children’s motor performance and related problems and supporting the planning of training programs. First, the contents of nine existing motor skills assessment tools were analyzed. Then, a new pilot test was prepared to test a sample group of 906 children (the mean age 5.1 years, SD 0.41, 48% boys, 52% girls). For the reliability and validity analysis, 55 simultaneous coding by two testers (r=.844 -.992, p=.01), 30 retests (r=.823, p = .01), 38 video analyses (test-retest and inter-tester consta…
Multimodal Aposematic Defenses Through the Predation Sequence
2021
Aposematic organisms warn predators of their unprofitability using a combination of defenses, including visual warning signals, startling sounds, noxious odors, or aversive tastes. Using multiple lines of defense can help prey avoid predators by stimulating multiple senses and/or by acting at different stages of predation. We tested the efficacy of three lines of defense (color, smell, taste) during the predation sequence of aposematic wood tiger moths (Arctia plantaginis) using blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) predators. Moths with two hindwing phenotypes (genotypes: WW/Wy = white, yy = yellow) were manipulated to have defense fluid with aversive smell (methoxypyrazines), body tissues with a…
Transparency reduces predator detection in mimetic clearwing butterflies
2019
International audience; Predation is an important selective pressure and some prey have evolved conspicuous warning signals that advertise unpalatability (i.e. aposematism) as an antipredator defence. Conspicuous colour patterns have been shown effective as warning signals, by promoting predator learning and memory. Unexpectedly, some butterfly species from the unpalatable tribe Ithomiini possess transparent wings, a feature rare on land but common in water, known to reduce predator detection.We tested if transparency of butterfly wings was associated with decreased detectability by predators, by comparing four butterfly species exhibiting different degrees of transparency, ranging from ful…
The Effect of Predator Population Dynamics on Batesian Mimicry Complexes.
2022
Understanding Batesian mimicry is a classic problem in evolutionary biology. In Batesian mimicry, a defended species (the model) is mimicked by an undefended species (the mimic). Prior theories have emphasized the role of predator behavior and learning as well as evolution in model-mimic complexes but have not examined the role of population dynamics in potentially governing the relative abundances and even persistence of model-mimic systems. Here, we examined the effect of the population dynamics of predators and alternative prey on the prevalence of warning-signaling prey composed of models and mimics. Using optimal foraging theory and signal detection theory, we found that the inclusion …
Diversity in warning coloration: selective paradox or the norm?
2019
Aposematic theory has historically predicted that predators should select for warning signals to converge on a single form, as a result of frequency-dependent learning. However, widespread variation in warning signals is observed across closely related species, populations and, most problematically for evolutionary biologists, among individuals in the same population. Recent research has yielded an increased awareness of this diversity, challenging the paradigm of signal monomorphy in aposematic animals. Here we provide a comprehensive synthesis of these disparate lines of investigation, identifying within them three broad classes of explanation for variation in aposematic warning signals: …
Linguistic, Contextual, and Experiential Equivalence Issues in the Adaptation of a Performance-Based Assessment of Generic Skills in Higher Education
2022
This qualitative study investigated the various linguistic, contextual, and experiential equivalence issues embedded in a performance-based instrument aimed at assessing generic skills in higher education. A rigorous translation and adaptation process (American English to Finnish) was conducted on one instrument, namely Collegiate Learning Assessment (CLA+) International. The data were obtained from cognitive laboratories (n = 13), with think-alouds and follow-up interviews conducted among Finnish undergraduate students. Content logs were created, and the data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that linguistic and contextual equivalence issues were more prominent than experie…
Snieguma perfekcionisma un izdegšanas saistība hokejistiem
2022
Šī pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot snieguma perfekcionismu un izdegšanas saistību. Pētījuma izlasi veido 62 cilvēki, jaunieši, kuri nodarbojas ar hokeju (M = 11,26, SD = 1,26 gadi). Pētījumā piedalījās vienas konkrētas hokeja skolas audzēkņi no 14 līdz 18 gadiem. Izlases lielāko vairumu veido latviešu tautības pārstāvji 52 (83,9%) un 10 (16,1%) krievu tautības pārstāvju, kuri brīvi runā latviski un spēj aizpildīt aptaujas latviešu valodā. Pētījumā tika izmantotas divas aptaujas Snieguma perfekcionisms sportā (PPS-S: Hill et al., 2016) (tulkots A. Abidi 2021.gadā šī pētījuma ietvaros) un Sportistu izdegšanas aptauja (ABQ: Raedeke & Smith, 2001). Adaptēja A. Koļesovs 2021. gadā. Pētījumā tika…
CYGD: the Comprehensive Yeast Genome Database.
2005
The comprehensive resource is available under http://mips.gsf.de/genre/proj/yeast/.; International audience; The Comprehensive Yeast Genome Database (CYGD) compiles a comprehensive data resource for information on the cellular functions of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and related species, chosen as the best understood model organism for eukaryotes. The database serves as a common resource generated by a European consortium, going beyond the provision of sequence information and functional annotations on individual genes and proteins. In addition, it provides information on the physical and functional interactions among proteins as well as other genetic elements. These cellular network…
SINTESI E CARATTERIZZAZIONE DI COPOLIMERI A BASE POLISACCARIDICA E POLIAMMINOACIDICA PER APPLICAZIONI BIOMEDICHE.
Els verbs de canvi d'estat en català: la participació en l'alternança causativa
2011
L’article analitza, en primer lloc, la participació dels diferents tipus de verbs de canvi d’estat del català en l’alternança causativa: la possibilitat d’un verb de tenir un oes transitiu i un d’intransitiu, amb la particularitat que l’argument objecte en el primer alternant passa a ser subjecte en el segon (v. (i) En Joan va rompre la finestra, (ii) La finestra es va rompre). L’anàlisi ens permetrà comprovar que la generalització que fa Alexiadou (2006) respecte del funcionament dels verbs de causa externa no se segueix en català. Pel que fa als verbs de canvi de causa interna, els quals no havien estat estudiats en català, veiem que el seu comportament és poc uniforme i que n’hi ha que p…