Search results for "ESA"

showing 10 items of 11914 documents

GRB 090313 AND THE ORIGIN OF OPTICAL PEAKS IN GAMMA-RAY BURST LIGHT CURVES: IMPLICATIONS FOR LORENTZ FACTORS AND RADIO FLARES

2010

We use a sample of 19 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that exhibit single-peaked optical light curves to test the standard fireball model by investigating the relationship between the time of the onset of the afterglow and the temporal rising index. Our sample includes GRBs and X-ray flashes for which we derive a wide range of initial Lorentz factors (40 < Γ < 450). Using plausible model parameters, the typical frequency of the forward shock is expected to lie close to the optical band; within this low typical frequency framework, we use the optical data to constrain εe and show that values derived from the early time light-curve properties are consistent with published typical values derived from …

420Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaLorentz transformationgamma-ray burst: generalFOS: Physical sciencesgamma-ray burstAstrophysicsgeneral [gamma-ray burst]Low frequencylaw.inventionsymbols.namesakelawRange (statistics)QDQCQBHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)PhysicsAstronomy and AstrophysicsLight curve420SynchrotronAfterglowShock (mechanics)Space and Planetary SciencesymbolsAstrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaGamma-ray burstThe Astrophysical Journal
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Exact Fourier expansion in cylindrical coordinates for the three-dimensional Helmholtz Green function

2009

A new method is presented for Fourier decomposition of the Helmholtz Green Function in cylindrical coordinates, which is equivalent to obtaining the solution of the Helmholtz equation for a general ring source. The Fourier coefficients of the Helmholtz Green function are split into their half advanced+half retarded and half advanced-half retarded components. Closed form solutions are given for these components in terms of a Horn function and a Kampe de Feriet function, respectively. The systems of partial differential equations associated with these two-dimensional hypergeometric functions are used to construct a fourth-order ordinary differential equation which both components satisfy. A s…

42B05Helmholtz equationSeries (mathematics)Applied MathematicsGeneral MathematicsMathematical analysis34B27General Physics and AstronomyFOS: Physical sciencesMathematical Physics (math-ph)Legendre function35J05; 34B27; 42B05symbols.namesake35J05Helmholtz free energysymbolsHypergeometric functionFourier seriesMathematical PhysicsHorn functionBessel functionMathematics
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Frames and weak frames for unbounded operators

2020

In 2012 G\u{a}vru\c{t}a introduced the notions of $K$-frame and of atomic system for a linear bounded operator $K$ in a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$, in order to decompose its range $\mathcal{R}(K)$ with a frame-like expansion. In this article we revisit these concepts for an unbounded and densely defined operator $A:\mathcal{D}(A)\to\mathcal{H}$ in two different ways. In one case we consider a non-Bessel sequence where the coefficient sequence depends continuously on $f\in\mathcal{D}(A)$ with respect to the norm of $\mathcal{H}$. In the other case we consider a Bessel sequence and the coefficient sequence depends continuously on $f\in\mathcal{D}(A)$ with respect to the graph norm of $A$.

42C15 47A05 47A63 41A65Atomic systemDensely defined operatorAtomic system010103 numerical & computational mathematics01 natural sciencesBounded operatorCombinatoricssymbols.namesakeReconstruction formulaSettore MAT/05 - Analisi MatematicaFOS: MathematicsComputational Science and EngineeringUnbounded operatorA-frame0101 mathematicsMathematicsApplied MathematicsHilbert spaceGraphFunctional Analysis (math.FA)Mathematics - Functional Analysis010101 applied mathematicsComputational MathematicssymbolsWeak A-framesBessel functionAdvances in Computational Mathematics
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On singular integral and martingale transforms

2007

Linear equivalences of norms of vector-valued singular integral operators and vector-valued martingale transforms are studied. In particular, it is shown that the UMD(p)-constant of a Banach space X equals the norm of the real (or the imaginary) part of the Beurling-Ahlfors singular integral operator, acting on the X-valued L^p-space on the plane. Moreover, replacing equality by a linear equivalence, this is found to be the typical property of even multipliers. A corresponding result for odd multipliers and the Hilbert transform is given.

46B09General Mathematics46B20 (Secondary)Banach space42B15 (Primary) 42B2001 natural sciencesUpper and lower bounds010104 statistics & probabilitysymbols.namesakeCorollary60G46; 42B15 (Primary) 42B20; 46B09; 46B20 (Secondary)Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)FOS: Mathematics60G460101 mathematicsMathematicsNormed vector spaceDiscrete mathematicsApplied MathematicsProbability (math.PR)010102 general mathematicsSingular integralSingular valueMathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEssymbolsHilbert transformMartingale (probability theory)Mathematics - ProbabilityTransactions of the American Mathematical Society
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A Universal Length-Dependent Vibrational Mode in Graphene Nanoribbons

2019

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have attracted considerable interest as their atomically tunable structure makes them promising candidates for future electronic devices. However, obtaining detailed information about the length of GNRs has been challenging and typically relies on low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Such methods are ill-suited for practical device application and characterization. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive method for the characterization of GNRs, in particular for investigating their width and structure. Here, we report on a length-dependent, Raman active low-energy vibrational mode that is present in atomically precise, bottom-up synthesized armch…

530 Physicssubstrate transferSTMFOS: Physical sciencesGeneral Physics and Astronomy02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistryDFT01 natural sciencessymbols.namesakegraphene nanoribbons; Raman spectroscopy; length-dependent mode; STM; substrate transfer; vibrational modes; DFT540 ChemistryMesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)General Materials Sciencevibrational modesCondensed Matter - Materials ScienceCondensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physicsbusiness.industryGeneral EngineeringMode (statistics)Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology3. Good health0104 chemical sciencesMolecular vibrationRaman spectroscopysymbols570 Life sciences; biologyOptoelectronicslength-dependent mode0210 nano-technologybusinessRaman spectroscopyGraphene nanoribbonsgraphene nanoribbons
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Existence de points fixes enlacés à une orbite périodique d'un homéomorphisme du plan

1992

Let f be an orientation-preserving homeomorphism of the plane such that f-Id is contracting. Under these hypotheses, we establish the existence, for every periodic orbit, of a fixed point which has nonzero linking number with this periodic orbit.

55M20 54H20Surfaces homeomorphismsPlane (geometry)Applied MathematicsGeneral Mathematics010102 general mathematics[ MATH.MATH-DS ] Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS][MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS]Linking numberFixed pointLinking numbers01 natural sciencesHomeomorphism010101 applied mathematicsCombinatoricssymbols.namesakesymbolsPeriodic orbitsPeriodic orbitsAstrophysics::Earth and Planetary AstrophysicsMathematics - Dynamical Systems0101 mathematicsMSC : 55M20 54H20Mathematics
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Quantization of Poisson Lie Groups and Applications

1996

LetG be a connected Poisson-Lie group. We discuss aspects of the question of Drinfel'd:can G be quantized? and give some answers. WhenG is semisimple (a case where the answer isyes), we introduce quantizable Poisson subalgebras ofC ∞(G), related to harmonic analysis onG; they are a generalization of F.R.T. models of quantum groups, and provide new examples of quantized Poisson algebras.

58B30Pure mathematicsGeneralizationPoisson distribution01 natural sciencesHarmonic analysissymbols.namesakeQuantization (physics)58F060103 physical sciences0101 mathematicsQuantumMathematical PhysicsComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSMathematicsPoisson algebraDiscrete mathematics[MATH.MATH-RT]Mathematics [math]/Representation Theory [math.RT]Group (mathematics)010102 general mathematicsLie groupStatistical and Nonlinear Physics81S1017B37[ MATH.MATH-RT ] Mathematics [math]/Representation Theory [math.RT]symbols010307 mathematical physics16W30
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Geopolítica de la cooperación transfronteriza. Balance y retos (de la COVID-19)

2022

Interpretar la cooperación transfronteriza desde la geopolítica nos permite aportar una mirada multiescalar, sopesando las estrategias de las comunidades locales en tiempos de blindajes fronterizos de los Estados como los promovidos en los últimos años por la Unión Europea, Mercosur o el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte. Por tanto, se analizan, desde esta perspectiva geopolítica, las fortalezas y las debilidades de la cooperación transfronteriza en diferentes escenarios: África, América y Europa. Así mismo, se abordan los retos y desafíos futuros, en particular los que surgen tras la pandemia de la COVID-19. Este volumen intenta responder también a la cuestión de si la coopera…

5901.01 Cooperación Internacionalestrategiasgobernanzadesarrollo territorialcooperaciónUNESCO::GEOGRAFÍA::Geografía humana
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On the stability of some controlled Markov chains and its applications to stochastic approximation with Markovian dynamic

2015

We develop a practical approach to establish the stability, that is, the recurrence in a given set, of a large class of controlled Markov chains. These processes arise in various areas of applied science and encompass important numerical methods. We show in particular how individual Lyapunov functions and associated drift conditions for the parametrized family of Markov transition probabilities and the parameter update can be combined to form Lyapunov functions for the joint process, leading to the proof of the desired stability property. Of particular interest is the fact that the approach applies even in situations where the two components of the process present a time-scale separation, w…

65C05FOS: Computer and information sciencesStatistics and ProbabilityLyapunov functionStability (learning theory)Markov processContext (language use)Mathematics - Statistics Theorycontrolled Markov chainsStatistics Theory (math.ST)Stochastic approximation01 natural sciencesMethodology (stat.ME)010104 statistics & probabilitysymbols.namesake60J05stochastic approximationFOS: MathematicsComputational statisticsApplied mathematics60J220101 mathematicsStatistics - MethodologyMathematicsSequenceMarkov chain010102 general mathematicsStability Markov chainssymbolsStatistics Probability and Uncertaintyadaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo
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From Feynman–Kac formulae to numerical stochastic homogenization in electrical impedance tomography

2016

In this paper, we use the theory of symmetric Dirichlet forms to derive Feynman–Kac formulae for the forward problem of electrical impedance tomography with possibly anisotropic, merely measurable conductivities corresponding to different electrode models on bounded Lipschitz domains. Subsequently, we employ these Feynman–Kac formulae to rigorously justify stochastic homogenization in the case of a stochastic boundary value problem arising from an inverse anomaly detection problem. Motivated by this theoretical result, we prove an estimate for the speed of convergence of the projected mean-square displacement of the underlying process which may serve as the theoretical foundation for the de…

65C05Statistics and Probability65N21stochastic homogenizationquantitative convergence result01 natural sciencesHomogenization (chemistry)78M40general reflecting diffusion process010104 statistics & probabilitysymbols.namesakeFeynman–Kac formula60J4535Q60Applied mathematicsFeynman diagramBoundary value problemSkorohod decomposition0101 mathematicsElectrical impedance tomographyBrownian motionMathematicsrandom conductivity field65N75010102 general mathematicsFeynman–Kac formulaLipschitz continuityBounded functionstochastic forward problemsymbols60J55Statistics Probability and Uncertainty60H30electrical impedance tomographyThe Annals of Applied Probability
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