Search results for "ESOL"
showing 10 items of 2444 documents
Bright Visible Luminescence in Silica Nanoparticles
2011
International audience; We demonstrate that a porous film of silica nanoparticles emits a bright visible luminescence associated with defects stabilized by oxygen chemisorption at oxygen deficient center sites. Time-resolved spectra excited by a tunable laser allow us to distinguish the luminescence at 1.99 eV, characteristic of the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) (Si-O)3 Si-O*, and a fast and a slow emission: the first (lifetime τ ≈ 25 ns) is peaked at 2.27 eV with an excitation spectrum centered at 5.5 eV; the second (τ ≈ 7.5 μs) is peaked at 2.41 eV and is excited around 3.2 and 5.2 eV. Reaction in an air atmosphere leads to the disappearance of the NBOHC luminescence and of the …
Modification of a commercial atomic force microscopy for low-noise, high-resolution frequency-modulation imaging in liquid environment.
2011
A key issue for high-resolution frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy imaging in liquids is minimizing the frequency noise, which requires a detailed analysis of the corresponding noise contributions. In this paper, we present a detailed description for modifying a commercial atomic force microscope (Bruker MultiMode V with Nanoscope V controller), aiming at atomic-resolution frequency-modulation imaging in ambient and in liquid environment. Care was taken to maintain the AFMs original stability and ease of operation. The new system builds upon an optimized light source, a new photodiode and an entirely new amplifier. Moreover, we introduce a home-built liquid cell and sample holder …
Il risarcimento sostituivo tra adempimento in natura e risoluzione del contratto
2019
The essay deals with the problem of the so called damages in lieu of the performance and its relations with the specific performance and the resolution. The author attempts to demonstrate that the issue of the damages in lieu of the performance is central to the debate on the priority of the specific performance and on the extent of compensation for damages from resolution.
Justicia digital para el consumidor.
2020
En este libro nos adentraremos en un tópico que se encuentra en pleno desarrollo, tanto en la doctrina como en las legislaciones procesales comparadas. Hemos definido esta obra como una de carácter marcadamente monográfica, la idea es encontrar los elementos centrales del sistema ODR en la literatura más reputada y reciente, y verificar a través de una análisis doctrinario legal las posibilidades de las normas chilenas de protección al consumidor que permitan dar vida a un sistema multi door en un contexto ODR en Chile, mirando siempre la legislación comunitaria más relevante en la materia. El derecho de consumo es un sector del derecho privado con un constante cambio y expansión en las leg…
Wewnętrzne podziały i opozycja wewnątrzpartyjna w Socjaldemokratycznej Partii Niemiec w drugiej połowie XX wieku
2016
The Social Democratic Party of Germany was (and still is) a political party, in which the existence of different informal groups and clubs (performing the function of the Opposition inside the party) is admissible. After the end of the war and the return of the SPD to a legał activity, there followed - within it - a revival of not only old structures, but also that of old divisions into the leit wing and the right wing, which referred to the ideas of revisionism and questions of reforms capable of changing or maintaining the capitalist political system. With time, there formed two main wings among the democrats: the right wing - known as Kanalarbeiter, and later on Seeheimer Kreis, and the …
Alignment of linear molecules by short duration laser pulses
2005
Alignment of linear molecules is efficiently induced by strong linearly polarized laser pulses. In the case of short pulses with respect to molecular rotation, periodic alignment appears in field-free conditions after the extinction of the field. This manuscript presents three techniques where the value of allows to quantify alignment without molecular dissociation nor additional alignment. They use a weak time-delayed probe pulse which experiences the optical properties of an aligned sample and shows modification of its characteristics. The first of them measures a depolarization due to the birefringence of the sample. The second one is based on the defocusing produced by the spatial distr…
Parliamentary oversight of the exceptional situations in a presidential system : debating the reassertion of the constitutional powers of the US Cong…
2013
Transition-edge sensors for particle-induced X-ray emission spectrometry
2018
A transition-edge sensor array has been applied to particle-induced X-ray emission. We have characterized the detector for quantitative analysis and obtained minimum detection limit over two orders of magnitude better compared to a silicon drift detector. We have also studied chemical effects in analysis of Ti, TiO2 and TiN using proton and heavy ion beams. A chemical shift for TiO2 was observed in proton measurements, and relative multiple ionization X-ray satellite line intensities changed between metallic Ti and other compounds with heavy ions. Detection of low energy X-rays down to 0.5 keV was achieved by installing a polycapillary lens in front of the transition-edge sensor array in ex…
La tributación de la pensión compensatoria como consecuencia de la separación o divorcio en españa
2016
The compensation pension is provided for in the Civil Code for cases of separation or divorce in which there are an economic imbalance between the former spouses. This institution generates tax consequences for the taxpayer who paid compensation as well as for the recipient. This article presents and analyzes the tax regime for ex-spouses derived as a result of the establishment of the compensation pension. La pensión compensatoria está contemplada en el Código Civil para los casos de separación o divorcio en los que se produce un desequilibrio económico en entre los excónyuges. Esta institución genera unas consecuencias fiscales para el obligado tributario que debe abonar la compensación, …
Desarrollo de nuevas estrategias analíticas basadas en la espectrometría de masas de alta resolución (HRMS) para el control de plaguicidas y sus meta…
2018
El uso de plaguicidas en la agricultura, permiten aumentar el rendimiento de las cosechas, evitando pérdidas debidas a animales, plantas y microorganismos que pueden llegar a tener un efecto negativo sobre la producción agrícola. Así, debido a su uso intensivo en las prácticas agrícolas, los plaguicidas pueden contaminar los distintos compartimentos ambientales (agua, suelo, aire, etc). Actualmente, aproximadamente 500 sustancias activas están autorizadas por la Unión Europea para ser aplicadas a los distintos cultivos siguiendo la Regulación CE 1107/2009. Una parte de los plaguicidas se emiten a la atmósfera durante y después de su aplicación. En la atmósfera, los plaguicidas pueden llegar…