Search results for "EURA"
showing 10 items of 3336 documents
GABA—from Inhibition to Cognition:Emerging Concepts
2018
Neural functioning and plasticity can be studied on different levels of organization and complexity ranging from the molecular and synaptic level to neural circuitry of whole brain networks. Across neuroscience different methods are being applied to better understand the role of various neurotransmitter systems in the evolution of perception and cognition. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain and, depending on the brain region, up to 25% of the total number of cortical neurons are GABAergic interneurons. At the one end of the spectrum, GABAergic neurons have been accurately described with regard to cell morphological, molecular, and electrophysiological…
Bacteria classification using minimal absent words
2017
Bacteria classification has been deeply investigated with different tools for many purposes, such as early diagnosis, metagenomics, phylogenetics. Classification methods based on ribosomal DNA sequences are considered a reference in this area. We present a new classificatier for bacteria species based on a dissimilarity measure of purely combinatorial nature. This measure is based on the notion of Minimal Absent Words, a combinatorial definition that recently found applications in bioinformatics. We can therefore incorporate this measure into a probabilistic neural network in order to classify bacteria species. Our approach is motivated by the fact that there is a vast literature on the com…
Modulation of Hippocampal Circuits by Muscarinic and Nicotinic Receptors
2017
This article provides a review of the effects of activation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors on the physiological properties of circuits in the hippocampal formation. Previous articles have described detailed computational hypotheses about the role of cholinergic neuromodulation in enhancing the dynamics for encoding in cortical structures and the role of reduced cholinergic modulation in allowing consolidation of previously encoded information. This article will focus on addressing the broad scope of different modulatory effects observed within hippocampal circuits, highlighting the heterogeneity of cholinergic modulation in terms of the physiological effects of activation of muscarin…
Parsonage-Turner syndrome secondary to Lyme disease
2018
Joint Bone Spine - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since samedi 1 juillet 2017
Cell Proliferation High-Content Screening on Adherent Cell Cultures
2019
Pulse-chase experiments using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), or the more recent EdU (5-etynil-2'-deoxyuridine), enable the identification of cells going through S phase. This chapter describes a high-content proliferation assay pipeline for adherent cell cultures. High-throughput imaging is followed by high-content data analysis using a non-supervised ImageJ macroinstruction that segments the individual nuclei, determines the nucleoside analogue absence/presence, and measures the signal of up to two additional nuclear markers. Based upon the specific combination with proliferation-specific protein immunostaining, the percentage of cells undergoing different phases of the cell cycle (G0, G1…
Reinforcement learning in synthetic gene circuits.
2020
Synthetic gene circuits allow programming in DNA the expression of a phenotype at a given environmental condition. The recent integration of memory systems with gene circuits opens the door to their adaptation to new conditions and their re-programming. This lays the foundation to emulate neuromorphic behaviour and solve complex problems similarly to artificial neural networks. Cellular products such as DNA or proteins can be used to store memory in both digital and analog formats, allowing cells to be turned into living computing devices able to record information regarding their previous states. In particular, synthetic gene circuits with memory can be engineered into living systems to al…
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neuronal Networks:Their Electrical Functionality and Usability for Modelling and Toxicology
2011
Micro electrode array (MEA)-based platforms have been used to study neuronal networks for decades. The used cells have, for the most part, been rodent primary neurons. The gained knowledge has indeed increased the understanding of neuronal network development and maturation both in vitro and in vivo. If aiming to understand the development of human brain, however, the used cell type should preferably be of human origin due to difficult interpolation from the rodent cell data. In addition, the development of functional human neuronal networks would open up a new era for, e.g., toxicology testing, drug screening and disease modelling. The use of MEA with bioelectrically active cells was first…
A Specialized Vascular Niche for Adult Neural Stem Cells
2008
SummaryStem cells reside in specialized niches that regulate their self-renewal and differentiation. The vasculature is emerging as an important component of stem cell niches. Here, we show that the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) neural stem cell niche contains an extensive planar vascular plexus that has specialized properties. Dividing stem cells and their transit-amplifying progeny are tightly apposed to SVZ blood vessels both during homeostasis and regeneration. They frequently contact the vasculature at sites that lack astrocyte endfeet and pericyte coverage, a modification of the blood-brain barrier unique to the SVZ. Moreover, regeneration often occurs at these sites. Finally, we fi…
Stage-specific control of oligodendrocyte survival and morphogenesis by TDP-43
2021
AbstractGeneration of oligodendrocytes in the adult brain enables both adaptive changes in neural circuits and regeneration of myelin sheaths destroyed by injury, disease, and normal aging. This transformation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into myelinating oligodendrocytes requires processing of distinct mRNAs at different stages of cell maturation. Although mislocalization and aggregation of the RNA binding protein TDP-43 occur in both neurons and glia in neurodegenerative diseases, the consequences of TDP-43 loss within different stages of the oligodendrocyte lineage are not well understood. By performing stage-specific genetic inactivation of Tardbp in vivo, we show that olig…
Interaction between odorants and proteins involved in the perception of smell: the case of odorant-binding proteins probed by molecular modelling and…
2012
A joint approach that combines molecular modelling and fluorescence spectroscopy is used to study the affinity of an odorant binding protein towards various odorant molecules. We focus on the capability of molecular modelling to rank odorants according to their affinity with this protein, which is involved in the sense of smell. Although ligand-based approaches are unable to propose an accurate model attending to the strength of the bond with the odorant-binding protein, receptor-based structures considering either static or dynamic structure of the protein perform equally to discriminate between good, medium and low affinity odorants. Such approaches will be useful for further rational des…