Search results for "EXCHANGE"
showing 10 items of 2035 documents
Origin of the Paramagnetic Properties of the Mixed‐Valence Polyoxometalate [GeV 14 O 40 ] 8– Reduced by Two Electrons: Wave Function Theory and Model…
2009
The aim of the work is to give an explanation of the magnetic properties of a mixed-valence [GeV14O40]8– polyoxometalate reduced by two electrons, which, in contrast to what happens in other two-electron-reduced polyoxometalates, does not show any magnetic coupling between the two unpaired electrons. For this purpose, a quantitative evaluation of the microscopic electronic parameters (electron transfer, magnetic coupling, magnetic orbital energy, and Coulomb repulsion) of the mixed-valence polyoxometalate cluster is performed. The parameters are extracted from valence-spectroscopy large configuration interaction (CI) calculations on embedded fragments. Then, these parameters are used in an …
Mixed‐valence trinuclear manganese clusters : Influence of the electronic transfer on the magnetic properties
1990
The magnetic behavior of mixed‐valence trinuclear clusters d4‐d4‐d5 is discussed on the basis of a model which takes into account valence delocalization and Heisenberg exchange. This model considers the competing effect between the electronic transfer and the localization of the extra electron due to an asymmetry of the triangular entity. The magnetic properties of the mixed‐valence oxo‐centered Mn(II)‐Mn(III)‐Mn(III) complexes formulated as Mn3O(O2CR)6L3 (R=Me, L=pyridine) are discussed on the basis of the developed model, supporting a significant intramolecular electron transfer. A comparison of these results to those previously reported by assuming a valence‐trapped model is given. Carlo…
Problem of the magnetic anisotropy in orbitally degenerate exchange and mixed-valence clusters
2003
Abstract This contribution summarizes the results obtained in the problem of orbital degeneracy of the metal ions in exchange coupled and mixed-valence (MV) clusters. The theory of the double exchange is generalized and the orbitally degenerate systems are considered. The orbitally dependent double exchange parameter is deduced for the singlet–triplet and triplet–triplet transition metal pairs in three high-symmetric topologies. A new effective Hamiltonian of the magnetic exchange between the ions with unquenched orbital angular momenta is discussed. The technique of the irreducible tensor operators is applied to the problem of the kinetic exchange in these kind of metal clusters. Strong ma…
Kultūršoks Erasmus apmaiņas studentu dzīvē un tā atrisināšanas veidi
2016
Erasmus mācību mobilitātes dalībniekiem ir piedāvāta iespēja pavadīt vienu vai divus semestrus studēt augstākās izglītības iestādē citā Eiropas valstī. Ierodoties šajā valstī, studentiem var rasties kultūršoks. Darba mērķis ir izpētīt kultūršoka jēdzienu un iegūt datus par visvairāk traucējošākajiem iemesliem, kas to izraisa, kā arī atrast veidus, kā to risināt. Šim nolūkam autore analizēja teorijas par kultūršoku, adaptāciju un atgriešanās kultūršoku, kā arī izstrādāja un veica starptautisku aptauju. Papildus tika intervēti četri Erasmus koordinatori no Latvijas un Lielbritānijas. Tika secināts, ka Erasmus apmaiņas studenti sastopas ar kultūršoku dažādās pakāpēs, kas ir atkarīgs no dalībni…
Valuation Effects of Listing on a More Prominent Segment of the Stock Market: Evidence from France
2002
We examine the behaviour of stock prices during the period around the transfer to the Marchea Reglement Mensuel. First, we discuss the financial reasons, which can justify abnormal returns around the transfer. Second, an event study based on a sample of 71 firms is set up to test the existence of the exchange listing effect on the French market. Third, we explore three hypotheses in order to explain the impact on stock returns: the informative content of the transfer, the increase in the relative size of the firm’s investor base, and the reduction of trading costs (immediacy and adverse selection). Cross–sectional regressions show that the increase in the relative size of the firm’s investo…
New Business Models In-The-Making in Extant MNCs: Digital Transformation in a Telco
2017
In recent years, we can observe the emergence of firms, born both digital and global, that have disrupted existing industries. Deploying digital technologies, they have developed innovative value chains and business models that threaten established multinational companies (MNCs). In this chapter, we examine how MNCs can and do respond to the challenge digital technologies represent. We describe the main facets of digital technologies and discus the potential these have to undermine the value chains and business models of established MNCs. In order to illustrate this, we employ longitudinal data from Telenor, a leading multinational mobile telecom company. Telenor perceives digitalization as…
Short-Termism: A Step Forward Toward Long-Term Performance or a Dead End
2018
The debate around short-termism and its effects on the economic life, rather negative than positive, is far from ending, having academics, practitioners, and pundits arguing on this topic. The purpose of this paper is to determine if short-termism is part of the process of creating long-term performance (value) in an organization or it is harmful for harnessing performance, by presenting the definitions of the concept, who are the main promoters of short-termism, opinions of both academics and practitioners, and studies and examples that sustain on the one side the fact that short-termism encourages the manipulation of numbers in order to meet quarterly earnings, by cutting investments from…
Decentralization in Ukraine and Bottom-Up European Integration
2020
Decentralization is one of the most profound reforms undertaken in Ukraine. It includes the voluntary merging of previously independent villages and towns into larger Amalgamated Territorial Communities (ATCs). The European Union strongly supports the reform but does not make Ukraine’s further European integration conditional upon it. In order to study whether decentralization can, nevertheless, contribute to the country’s European integration, this chapter adopts a sociological perspective. It asks whether decentralization has led to an increase in community twinning and participation of Ukrainian communities in transnational municipal networks. It is based on a survey conducted among the …
What drives German foreign direct investment? New evidence using Bayesian statistical techniques
2019
Abstract Despite the importance of Germany as an issuer of foreign direct investment (FDI), the studies analyzing its determinants are far from conclusive. This research contributes to filling this gap providing new evidence for the period 1996–2012. In order to reduce model uncertainty, we adopt a Bayesian model averaging (BMA) approach. We find that determinants associated with horizontal FDI appear to be dominant for explaining FDI in developed countries while for the group of developing countries covariates associated with vertical FDI motives play a larger role. Within Europe, while the majority of FDI is horizontally driven in “core” countries, in the “periphery” vertical motivations …
How Target and Acquirer Firm can Create Value in the Integration Process in Order to Learn with and of the Partner?
2014
Acquisitions between firms can create value through learning between acquirer and target firm well transferring knowledge from on partner to the other well creating new knowledge. The success in these acquisitions relies on the integration process, achieving that the knowledge of both partners is retained in the combined firm and that new knowledge is created or transferred. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that knowledge is a source of value creation in acquisitions and to analyze how firms are integrated in order to achieve knowledge transfer or knowledge creation. Specifically, we analyze three key management choices of the integration process, the autonomy level, the level of soci…