Search results for "EXPERTISE"
showing 10 items of 188 documents
Structural approach of social representation: Application to the concept of wine minerality in experts and consumers
2015
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. In recent years the sensory evaluation field has been moving from the traditional sensory descriptive methodologies towards consumer based methodologies. Sensory descriptions are not confined to sensory evaluation. In everyday life, people use also descriptions to communicate about products sensory properties. The theory of social representation offers a new approach for studying the meaning of the terminology used in these everyday life descriptions. One implication of this theory is that meaning is created through a system of social negotiations rather than being a fixed and finite code. The goal of the present study was to understand the meaning of the concept of win…
TEL@work: Toward integration of theory and practice
2014
This paper examines technology-enhanced learning at work in the context of the integrative pedagogy model. The basic idea behind this model is to create learning environments whereby the four basic elements of professional expertise (ie, theoretical, practical, self-regulative and sociocultural knowledge) can be integrated. The paper illustrates two basic ways of applying the model in technology-enhanced learning at work. First, examples of how to make use of existing technologies, especially social media, to empower learning at work is presented, and second, an instance of the way the model is used in the design of specific technologies for enhancing collaborative learning in the work cont…
Les expertises dans le domaine du vin : cas du concept de vin de garde
2010
Wine expertise : the case of "vin de garde" concept. This work aimed to investigate different types of knowledge and skills involved in wine expertise. This work is based on the “vin de garde” concept, we first broadened the study of this concept, and we identified gustatory (astringency and acidity) and olfactory (woody, burnt, vanilla and prune notes) clues used by wine professionals from Bourgogne to judge the aging potential of red wines from Bourgogne. The expertise is investigated through two studies. In the first study, we examined if the environment in which professionals practise leads to specific perceptive skills and conceptual knowledge regarding wines with an aging potential. W…
Expertise as Capital - Experienced and Estimated by Doctoral Students
2020
There is a great and constantly renewed expectation of doctoral education, the highest level of specialist training, and of doctors globally. The Finnish education and university field is also re-positioned to create greater opportunities for continuous and sustainable learning. The goal for a long time has been that doctoral education should increasingly produce a more sophisticated teams of experts with expert knowledge and skills that meet the demands of digital and global, as well as forward-looking innovative visions. On the other hand, at the same time, doctors face uncertainty about the nature of their expertise and even the challenges of employment in their working life. However, th…
Contextual and strategic knowledge in the acquisition of design expertise
2000
Abstract This study examines the acquisition of expertise in designing and developing information systems. The aim was to investigate how practical experience is related to contextual and strategic knowledge in problem-solving. Using a combination of expert–novice comparisons and longitudinal methods, professional systems analysts were compared with novices at the beginning and end of a seven month project-based course. The results show that during the course, the novices acquired a good deal of strategic competence in using domain-specific methods. Compared to the novices, the experts showed a more comprehensive and higher level of awareness of clients' contextual constraints. The study de…
Aesthetic judgments of music in experts and laypersons--an ERP study.
2010
We investigated whether music experts and laypersons differ with regard to aesthetic evaluation of musical sequences 16 music experts and 16 music laypersons judged the aesthetic value (beauty judgment task) as well as the harmonic correctness (correctness judgment task) of chord sequences The sequences consisted of five chords with the final chord sounding congruous, ambiguous or incongruous relative to the harmonic context established by the preceding four chords On behavioural measures, few differences were observed between experts and laypersons However, several differences in event-related potential (ERP) parameters were observed in auditory, cognitive and aesthetic processing of chord…
The association of noise sensitivity with music listening, training, and aptitude
2015
After intensive, long-term musical training, the auditory system of a musician is specifically tuned to perceive musical sounds. We wished to find out whether a musician's auditory system also develops increased sensitivity to any sound of everyday life, experiencing them as noise. For this purpose, an online survey, including questionnaires on noise sensitivity, musical background, and listening tests for assessing musical aptitude, was administered to 197 participants in Finland and Italy. Subjective noise sensitivity (assessed with the Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale) was analyzed for associations with musicianship, musical aptitude, weekly time spent listening to music, and the impo…
Becoming a beer expert: is simple exposure with feedback sufficient to learn beer categories?
2015
Category learning is an important aspect of expertise development which had been little studied in the chemosensory field. The wine literature suggests that through repeated exposure to wines, sensory information is stored by experts as prototypes. The goal of this study was to further explore this issue using beers. We tested the ability of beer consumers to correctly categorize beers from two different categories (top- and bottom-fermented beers) before and after repeated exposure with feedback to beers from these categories. We found that participants learned to identify the category membership of beers to which they have been exposed but were unable to generalize their learning to other…
Action expertise reduces brain activity for audiovisual matching actions: An fMRI study with expert drummers
2011
When we observe someone perform a familiar action, we can usually predict what kind of sound that action will produce. Musical actions are over-experienced by musicians and not by non-musicians, and thus offer a unique way to examine how action expertise affects brain processes when the predictability of the produced sound is manipulated. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to scan 11 drummers and 11 age- and gender-matched novices who made judgments on point-light drumming movements presented with sound. In Experiment 1, sound was synchronized or desynchronized with drumming strikes, while in Experiment 2 sound was always synchronized, but the natural covariation between sound in…
Multisensory integration of drumming actions: musical expertise affects perceived audiovisual asynchrony
2009
We investigated the effect of musical expertise on sensitivity to asynchrony for drumming point-light displays, which varied in their physical characteristics (Experiment 1) or in their degree of audiovisual congruency (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 21 repetitions of three tempos x three accents x nine audiovisual delays were presented to four jazz drummers and four novices. In Experiment 2, ten repetitions of two audiovisual incongruency conditions x nine audiovisual delays were presented to 13 drummers and 13 novices. Participants gave forced-choice judgments of audiovisual synchrony. The results of Experiment 1 show an enhancement in experts' ability to detect asynchrony, especially fo…