Search results for "Early detection"
showing 10 items of 222 documents
European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis: Overview and introduction to the full Supplement publication
2013
Population-based screening for early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and precursor lesions, using evidence-based methods, can be effective in populations with a significant burden of the disease provided the services are of high quality. Multidisciplinary, evidence-based guidelines for quality assurance in CRC screening and diagnosis have been developed by experts in a project co-financed by the European Union. The 450-page guidelines were published in book format by the European Commission in 2010. They include 10 chapters and over 250 recommendations, individually graded according to the strength of the recommendation and the supporting evidence. Adoption of the recomme…
Orthopantomography contribution to prevent isquemic stroke.
2014
Objectives: The ortopantomography (OPG) can be a valuable way for an early detection of calcified atheroma plaques, thus contributing for a preliminary stroke risk evaluation. The study looks for the existence of calcified atheroma plates through the use of OPG, comparing the results with the stenosis percentage found through eco-doppler. It has been analyzed the correlation of the number of years as a smoker, arterial hypertension and body mass index, against the risk of having calcified atheroma plaques. Study Design: Observational, transversal and prospective study with 84 patients from the Dental Center of Hospital Particular de Lisboa. First the patients answered to an inquiry and them…
Screening
2012
Background The early detection of cancer and other diseases is generally considered beneficial, yet there is evidence that in some diseases screening may be of limited benefit. To clarify this issue, we present the statistical principles that underlie screening. Methods We define screening and discuss the conditions for its successful use. We give illustrative examples from among the currently recommended types of screening in Germany and from the recent medical literature, particularly with regard to mammography.
Updated diagnosticprognostic paradigm for CAD: a narrative review.
2020
Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death globally; early detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) is a challenge for clinicians and radiologists. Over the past 2 decades there have been several improvements in the methods for the assessment of diagnosis and prognosis in patients with suspected CAD; most of these methods are imaging methods and they operate with high-end technologies. Cardiac computed tomography (CCT) as we know it today was introduced in 1998 and has ever progressed with constant pace. The first decade was the technical validation phase of the method while the second decade was the clinical validation phase. CCT has developed an excellent diagnostic and progno…
Semi-automated non-invasive diagnostics method for melanoma differentiation from nevi and pigmented basal cell carcinomas
2017
The incidence of skin cancer is still increasing mostly in in industrialized countries with light- skinned people. Late tumour detection is the main reason of the high mortality associated with skin cancer. The accessibility of early diagnostics of skin cancer in Latvia is limited by several factors, such as high cost of dermatology services, long queues on state funded oncologist examinations, as well as inaccessibility of oncologists in the countryside regions - this is an actual clinical problem. The new strategies and guidelines for skin cancer early detection and post-surgical follow-up intend to realize the full body examination (FBE) by primary care physicians (general practitioners,…
Are we able to reduce the mortality and morbidity of oral cancer; Some considerations
2012
Oral cancer makes up 1%-2% of all cancers that may arise in the body. The majority of oral cancers consists of squamous cell carcinomas. Oral cancer carries a considerable mortality rate, being mainly dependent on the stage of the disease at admission. Worldwide some 50% of the patients with oral cancer present with advanced disease. There are several ways of trying to diagnose oral cancer in a lower tumor stage, being 1) mass screening or screening in selected patients, 2) reduction of patients’ delay, and 3) reduction of doctors’ delay. Oral cancer population-based screening (“mass screening”) programs do not meet the guidelines for a successful outcome. There may be some benefit when foc…
Serum markers for early detection of patients with mesenteric ischemia after cardiac surgery
2018
AbstractObjectiveMesenteric ischemia (MESI) is a rare but often fatal complication in patients after cardiac surgery. Non-specific clinical symptoms and lack of specific laboratory parameters complicate the diagnosis. We evaluated potential serum markers for MESI in cardiac surgery patients.MethodsBetween March and October 2012, serial serum samples of 567 elective cardiac surgery patients were collected 1, 24, and 48 h after the operation, and concentrations of potential markers for MESI [α-glutathione-S-transferase (αGST), intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein (iFABP), and D-lactate] were measured retrospectively. In patients requiring laparotomy, blood samples obtained 72, 48, 24, and 12…
The use of clinical guidelines for referral of patients with lesions suspicious for oral cancer may ease early diagnosis and improve education of hea…
2010
UNLABELLED Early diagnosis and referral of oral cancer is essential. Successful implementation of clinical guidelines must include current practitioners and students. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of students at oral cancer screening and to assess the effectiveness of clinical referral guidelines. STUDY DESIGN Fifth year dental students were randomly allocated to either control (n=19) or experimental groups (n = 18). Both received the customary training in oral diagnosis. The experimental group underwent a 2 hour workshop where the guidelines for the referral of suspicious lesions were discussed. Three months later, a set of 51 clinical cases including benign, malignant, and…
Screening for colorectal cancer with immunochemical faecal occult blood tests.
2012
Population-based studies have shown that guaiac faecal occult blood testing followed by colonoscopy in case of positivity can reduce colorectal cancer mortality. However these tests have been criticised for their fairly low sensitivity. For this reason attention has been given to alternative tests. The aim of this paper is to review the evidence for screening for colorectal cancer using qualitative immunochemical faecal occult blood tests. For the complete range of tested cut-off values, immunochemical faecal occult blood tests lead to higher diagnostic yield, improved sensitivity and greater participation. The optimal number of samples and the optimal cut-off value has to suit local resour…
Screening of colorectal cancer: present and future
2017
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in males and second in females, and the fourth most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Currently, about 60-70% of diagnosed cases in symptomatic patients are detected at an advanced stage of disease. Earlier stage detection through the use of screening strategies would allow for better outcomes in terms of reducing the disease burden. Areas covered: The aim of this paper is to review the current published evidence from literature which assesses the performance and effectiveness of different screening tests for the early detection of CRC. Expert commentary: Adequate screening strategies can reduce CRC incidence and mortality. In th…