Search results for "Ears"
showing 10 items of 437 documents
Developmental Increase in Working Memory Span: Resource Sharing or Temporal Decay?
2001
Working memory span tasks require participants to maintain items in short-term memory while performing some concurrent processing (e.g., reading, counting, and problem solving). It has been suggested that the difficulty of these tasks results either from the necessity of sharing a limited resource pool between processing and storage (Case’s cognitive space hypothesis) or from the fact that the memory traces suffer from a temporal decay while the concurrent task is being performed (Towse and Hitch’s memory decay hypothesis). We tested these two hypotheses by comparing children’s performance in tasks in which the processing component always had the same duration but varied in cognitive cost (…
The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Bu…
2020
Background\ud \ud Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases (collectively referred to as cirrhosis in this paper) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, although the burden and underlying causes differ across locations and demographic groups. We report on results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 on the burden of cirrhosis and its trends since 1990, by cause, sex, and age, for 195 countries and territories.\ud \ud \ud \ud Methods\ud \ud We used data from vital registrations, vital registration samples, and verbal autopsies to estimate mortality. We modelled prevalence of total, compensated, and decompensated cirrhosis on the bas…
Long-term albumin administration in decompensated cirrhosis (ANSWER): an open-label randomised trial
2018
Background Evidence is scarce on the efficacy of long-term human albumin (HA) administration in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The human Albumin for the treatmeNt of aScites in patients With hEpatic ciRrhosis (ANSWER) study was designed to clarify this issue. Methods We did an investigator-initiated multicentre randomised, parallel, open-label, pragmatic trial in 33 academic and non-academic Italian hospitals. We randomly assigned patients with cirrhosis and uncomplicated ascites who were treated with anti-aldosteronic drugs (≥200 mg/day) and furosemide (≥25 mg/day) to receive either standard medical treatment (SMT) or SMT plus HA (40 g twice weekly for 2 weeks, and then 40 g weekly…
Early Treatment in HCV: Is it a Cost-Utility Option from the Italian Perspective?
2016
In Italy, the Italian Pharmaceutical Agency (AIFA) criteria used F3–F4 fibrosis stages as the threshold to prioritise the treatment with interferon (IFN)-free regimens, while in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (G1 CHC) patients with fibrosis of liver stage 2, an approach with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-based triple therapy with simeprevir was suggested. The key clinical question is whether, in an era of financial constraints, the application of a universal IFN-free strategy in naive G1 CHC patients is feasible within a short time horizon. The aim of this study is to perform an economic analysis to estimate the cost-utility of the early innovative therapy in Italy for managing hepatitis C…
The Effect of Long-Term Memory Knowledge on Rehearsal and Refreshing in Working Memory
2011
It was suggested that the impact of long-term knowledge on short-term memory (STM) could either be at encoding and maintenance or at recall (Thorn, Frankish, & Gathercole, 2009). In two experiments, we manipulated the characteristics of long-term knowledge through word-frequency or lexicality. We also varied the implication of the mechanisms of maintenance, refreshing or rehearsal. First, the effect of long-term knowledge on refreshing was investigated manipulating frequency of words to remember and attentional load of the concurrent processing. No interaction between word frequency and cognitive load was found. A second experiment investigated the effect of long-term knowledge on both rehe…
Evolución histórica de la autonomía de la voluntad en el Derecho matrimonial
2021
The autonomy of the will or power of self-regulation of relationships derived from marriage is a subject that is on the rise and that we can qualify as novel. More and more couples are opting to proceed making use of this power to self-regulate both personal and property effects derived from their union or its future breakdown. In the Spanish legal system there is no precise and complete regulation of the subject, without all these figures being equally legislated, although all are admitted without any doubt by jurisprudence. In recent years there has been an evolution of Family law, traditionally very reluctant to give space to self-regulation. Our Constitution marks a turning point by cha…
Study of the tear effect with Eye tracking methodology: A pilot study
2018
Según Darwin, el lloro emocional fue considerado un resultado fortuito a la luz de la evolución; sin propósito alguno, y debía ser visto como una consecuencia secundaria a fenómenos más importantes. Aunque es el comportamiento más dramático por el cual las emociones emergen en el rostro, muy poco es lo que se sabe desde la neurociencia. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo demostrar que la idea de Darwin está lejos de ser cierta, y que el lloro emocional parece jugar un papel esencial en el desarrollo de las relaciones sociales, siendo un factor de influencia en la percepción de sinceridad. Estudios previos han encontrado una influencia en la inhibición de la agresión, y que favorece la …
Note psicocriminologiche. La mafia tra antropologia criminale e psichiatria
2022
Nella riflessione intorno all’oggetto “mafia” l’intreccio tra campi del sapere diversi è stato, e continua a essere, indispensabile. Le definizioni della mafia si sono infatti storicamente prodotte all’intersezione tra politica, società e diritto. Da quale prospettiva, dunque, antropologi e psichiatri hanno considerato il comportamento mafioso e l’appartenenza al sodalizio mafioso, specie in relazione alla dimensione associativa?Dall’età liberale al fascismo, la mafia è stata considerata alla stregua di una evidenza antropologica, determinata da ambiente e contesto, se non da “atavismo”? O invece è stata considerata una manifestazione criminale, punibile in quanto tale, e nei tribunali si è…
Mild cognitive impairment is associated with fall-related injury among adults aged ≥65 years in low- and middle-income countries.
2021
Abstract Objectives There is a scarcity of data on the association between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and falls, especially from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where 70% of all older adults reside. Thus, we investigated the association between MCI and fall-related injury among older adults residing in six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa). Design Cross-sectional, community-based data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Methods The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer's Association criteria, and information on past 12-month fall-related injury was also collected. Multivariable l…
The relationship between Polypharmacy and Trajectories of Cognitive Decline in People with Dementia: a large representative cohort study
2019
Polypharmacy, defined through the number of medications prescribed, has been linked to a range of adverse health outcomes in people with dementia. It is however unclear whether a numerical threshold of concurrently prescribed drugs is a suitable predictor for cognitive decline. We aimed to test associations between polypharmacy and both short-term (six months) and long-term (three years) cognitive trajectories in patients with incident dementia. Using data from a large mental health and dementia care database in South London, a cohort of 12,148 patients (mean age = 80.7 years, 61.1% female, mean MMSE = 18.6) clinically diagnosed with dementia was identified. We determined the number of medi…