Search results for "Economic Development"
showing 10 items of 104 documents
Tourism Dynamics and Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis between Mediterranean Islands: Evidence for Post-COVID-19 Strategies
2022
Tourism may not sustainably support territories with limited natural resource stock such as islands. The volume of visitor arrivals and the industry investments can increase the pressure even beyond sustainable levels. There is an evident and unresolved tension between these two great polarities, sustainability and economic growth driven by tourism. The aim for policymakers is to find an acceptable equilibrium between these two dimensions. This paper investigates tourism evolution between 2007 and 2019 in 15 Mediterranean islands, comparing tourism pressures through statistical indicators. The analysis will compare tourism demand and supply trends in these contexts. The performances will be…
Smarter Teachers, Smarter Pupils? Some New Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
2017
Document de travail du BETA, n°2017-35. En ligne sur : http://www.beta-umr7522.fr/productions/publications/2017/2017-35.pdf; We study the effect of teacher subject knowledge on student achievement in mathematics and reading by using a dataset from six Sub-Saharan African countries. By using a difference-indifference between pupils' and teachers' scores in two skills, we are able to avoid potential endogeneity bias. In most estimations, we do not find a significant teacher knowledge effect in most countries. The main reason is teacher absenteeism and the need to focus on core knowledge. Indeed, more knowledgeable teachers improve student learning only if certain conditions are met. For insta…
Socially desirable responding:enhancement and denial in 20 countries
2015
This article investigated the dimensionality, measurement invariance, and cross-cultural variations of social desirability. A total of 3,471 university students from 20 countries completed an adapted version of the Marlowe–Crowne scale. A two-dimensional structure was revealed in the pooled sample, distinguishing enhancement (endorsement of positive self-description) and denial (rejection of negative self-description). The factor structure was supported in most countries; medium-sized item bias was found in two denial items. In a multilevel analysis, we found that (a) there was more cross-cultural variation in denial than enhancement; (b) females tended to score higher on enhancement where…
Convergence et divergence comparées du salaire des enseignants du primaire dans l'échelle de développement économique
2008
Remunerations for primary teachers along the scale of economic development: convergence or divergence ?The relative distribution of wages at the aggregate level, without reference to individual characteristics, is linked both to structural aspects in local labour markets and the burden of history that makes that profession remains paid differently as compared to others. The teaching profession for the primary school has several characteristics of interest, it is a common profession, nearly one percent of labour force and whose conditions and qualifications are relatively close around the world. This text is dedicated to measure the relative pay off for teachers. Mainly, the position for a n…
Les incitations à l'innovation dans le secteur privé
2011
En ligne sur http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=REL_792_0045; International audience; L'innovation est devenue un facteur clé de la croissance économique. La question des incitations à l'innovation au sein des entreprises est donc primordiale. Dans ce papier, nous nous intéressons au type d'incitations monétaires reçues par les inventeurs au sein des entreprises avec une attention particulière à la mobilité inter-entreprise de ces derniers. Les résultats montrent un rendement salarial positif pour les inventeurs, celui-ci est plus important pour les inventeurs ayant connu une mobilité inter-entreprise, ce qui pourrait suggérer que les entreprises sont prêtes à payer les connaissa…
Competitiveness and sustainability of extreme viticulture in Pantelleria Island
2011
The environmental and land protection could be obtained promoting an agricultural activity that encourages the business competitiveness respecting the traditions. In Pantelleria, ‘black island’ in the middle of Mediterranean, the viticultural surface has significantly decreased in the last years, causing a massive rural exodus. The University of Palermo, to block this phenomenon and to contain the progressive abandonment of vineyards, carried out several experimental proofs in order to increase the mechanization of cultural practices in the vineyards cultivated according to ‘alberello a conca’ farming system. In this context, the aim of this paper is to analyze as the process innovations co…
Growth Volatility and the Structure of the Economy
2011
The aim of the chapter is twofold: (i) to propose a methodology to compute the growth rate volatility of an economy and (ii) to investigate the relationship between growth volatility and economic development through the lenses of the structural characteristics of an economy. We study a large cross-section of countries in the period 1970–2009, controlling for the stability of the estimates in two subperiods: 1970:1989 (Period I) and 1990:2009 (Period II). Our main findings are (i) the degree of trade openness has a destabilizing effect, while the degree of financial openness has not a significant effect; (ii) the size of the public sector displays a U-shaped relationship with growth volatili…
Measuring sustainable economic development through a multidimensional Gini index
2016
This paper analyses the evolution of sustainable economic development inequality in Italy as regards the efforts made by each administrative Region, as a response to the main EU policies issued by the environmental and energy sector. For this purpose a multidimensional generalization of the Gini index has been performed, taking into account two different dimensions (energy and environment), in a time frame of six years (2008-2013). The multidimensional Gini results confirm the positive effect recorded by certain EU policies in determining a reduction in the inequality levels among the Italian Regions. A counterfactual analysis further underlined the relevant role played by the energetic dim…
Defining and measuring the development of a country over time
2012
This paper introduces the concept of harmonic growth as an extended acceptation of the notion of development, and discusses its measurement via the Harmonic Growth Index (HGI). The growth is seen as harmonic when the behaviour of a benchmark time series, which here is a measure of wealth, such as per capita GDP, is followed by a similar pattern in socio-economic series. Unlike most widely used indicators in the literature, which take into account the measurement of development over a single time, HGI measures the degree to which a social indicator’s time series pattern matches with the GDP’s. The index is a function, ranging in [0, 1], of the coefficients of the uniform B-splines fitted to …
CREATION OF INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR STUDY OF THE NATIONAL FISCAL SPACE
2017
The choice and topicality of the theme is substantiated by the fact that a sustainable development of a country is affected by the policy implemented by the government. One of its main parts is the fiscal or budget policy which means the formation of the necessary funds of the revenues and expenditures to ensure the functioning of the government. Accordingly, the concept of fiscal space has been activated which is closely connected with the implementation of the instruments of fiscal policy (taxes, government expenditures, government debt). The aim of the research is to create an innovative approach to the investigation of the creation of the state fiscal space applying the simulation metho…