Search results for "Economies"
showing 10 items of 1069 documents
Product-market integration with endogenous firm heterogeneity
2021
Abstract This paper proposes a general equilibrium oligopoly model in which firm heterogeneity is endogenously reproduced through technology adoption decisions. The model can explain persistent oligopolistic market structures and prices in spite of free entry and market enlargement. Moreover, strong selection might deteriorate average cost efficiency due to strategic interactions. Integrating identical countries can be welfare-improving. But distributional issues and tensions between welfare and scale economies may arise. The theory can be motivated by recent evidence on oligopolistic market structures resisting globalization forces.
Are discriminatory procurement policies motivated by protectionism ?
1995
When purchasing goods and services, governments often discriminate in favour of domestic suppliers. It is widely assumed that such behaviour is motivated by protectionism. Although this interpretation is sometimes valid, it is also puzzling. After reviewing some of the puzzles, the paper proposes an alternative explanation of preferential procurement based on the assumption that governmental buyers want to purchase goods and services at minimum cost, but must do this in a context in which, because of the presence of unverifiable services, contracts are necessarily incomplete. The paper argues that preferential purchasing can guarantee the efficient delivery of these unverifiable services.
Regulation of Investments in Infrastructure: The Interplay between Strategic Behaviors and Initial Endowments
2012
This paper explores the dynamic properties of price-based policies in a model of competition between two jurisdictions. Jurisdictions invest over time in infrastructure to increase the quality of the environment, a global public good. They are identical in all respects but one: initial stocks of infrastructure. This is a dynamic type of heterogeneity that disappears in the long run. Therefore, at the steady state, usual intuitions from static settings apply: identical jurisdictions inefficiently underinvest, calling for public subsidies. In the short run, however, counterintuitive properties are established: (i) the evolution of capital stocks can be nonmonotonic and (ii) one jurisdiction c…
Le recrutement des jeunes docteurs dans le secteur privé
2007
This paper explores the relationship between the characteristics of the doctoral training and the recruitment of young PhDs in the private sector in France. We used information from a national representative survey of 1246 PhDs graduated in 2001 and interviewed in 2004. We focus on the recruitment and PhD returns among research-based jobs and non-research jobs in the private sector. Our econometrics results show that access and wages in the R&D jobs strongly depends on previous labour experience during the PhD (participation in a research contract, private funding for the PhD). In addition, we find that PhD students who expressed a preference for academia pay a wage penalty when they access…
From the Open Society to The Calculus of Consent: a long journey
2012
International audience
Building future nuclear power fleets: The available uranium resources constraint
2013
Abstract According to almost all forward-looking studies, the world′s energy consumption will increase in the future decades, mostly because of the growing world population and the long-term development of emerging countries. The effort to contain global warming makes it hard to exclude nuclear energy from the global energy mix. The availability of natural uranium resources is a major constraint in terms of meeting this demand. In line with the scenarios floated by various international organisations and taking into consideration only current uranium-consuming light water reactors technologies with slow neutrons, 4 to 7 Mt of uranium could be consumed by 2050, namely, all identified or know…
Market empowerment of the patient: the French experience.
2011
Through analysis of the French experience, this article explores the way economic policy has sought to encourage active, well-informed patients by giving them market power. The new status of the patient as consumer is based on two foundations: the endeavour to build a healthcare market and the activation of demand-based policies. The keystone of this new system is a conception of the market as a process constructed by economic policy. Recent measures such as the standardization of care and the introduction of incentives to respect a treatment pathway then constitute effective levers to establish a free-market rationale.
L'influence de la perception du temps sur l'achat par catalogue
2006
L’objet de cet article est de considerer l’achat par catalogue dans un cadre temporel qui structure les motivations des consommateurs. Afin d’explorer l’influence de la perception du temps sur l’achat, nous avons adopte, apres validation, l’echelle de styles de temps developpee par Usunier et Valette-Florence (1994). A partir de six cent onze consommatrices de l’agglomeration dijonnaise interrogees, nous identifions au moyen d’une typologie hierarchique, quatre groupes d’acheteuses par correspondance presentant des perceptions temporelles differentes. L’analyse des specificites de ces groupes de clientes permet de proposer des strategies de communication et de fidelisation fondees sur leurs…
Théorie financière et stratégie financière
2006
National audience; Les résultats de la recherche en finance ont-ils permis d'améliorer la compréhension de la politique financière des entreprises ? Que peut-on penser de l'utilité de la théorie financière pour mettre en œuvre la stratégie financière ? Les applications de la recherche à la prise de décision financière sont-elles effectives ? Autant de questions auxquelles l'auteur tente d'apporter des réponses à l'issue d'une analyse de l'évolution de la théorie financière du début du siècle à nos jours. Ce qui permet d'évaluer les progrès accomplis mais aussi de prendre conscience du chemin qui reste à parcourir.
An introduction to the Economics of Fake Degrees
2008
08045; International audience; This paper critiques the multifarious ways whereby academic qualifications may be falsified in the international marketplace. The objectives are fourfold: (1) defining the main terms used such as fake degrees and diploma mills; (2) providing a brief history of fake degrees and identifying the factors that explain their recent development; (3) developing a theoretical framework to analyze fake degrees; and (4) exploring the costs and benefits of this activity and its net impacton a given society. Degrees serve instrumental and ceremonial purposes. It is argued that degree holders may be considered as members of a club. They confer totheir holders excludable but…