Search results for "Editing"
showing 10 items of 94 documents
FEDRO: a software tool for the automatic discovery of candidate ORFs in plants with c →u RNA editing
2019
RNA editing is an important mechanism for gene expression in plants organelles. It alters the direct transfer of genetic information from DNA to proteins, due to the introduction of differences between RNAs and the corresponding coding DNA sequences. Software tools successful for the search of genes in other organisms not always are able to correctly perform this task in plants organellar genomes. Moreover, the available software tools predicting RNA editing events utilise algorithms that do not account for events which may generate a novel start codon. We present Fedro, a Java software tool implementing a novel strategy to generate candidate Open Reading Frames (ORFs) resulting from Cytidi…
Towards a digital model to edit the different paratextuality levels within a textual tradition
2008
In the textual tradition of a literary work, our sources (manuscripts, printed books etc.) commonly bear, together with the "main text", different kinds of "paratexts" commenting on it (including interlinear annotations, glosses, scholia, footnotes, modern scholarly introductions and commentaries, and many others). This article proposes a unified model for a document-based digital critical edition including both the 'main texts' and the 'paratexts' as they appear in different single sources. The problematic aspects of such an "enlarged" digital edition are discussed, including the relations between the different 'paratexts' and the 'main text' they refer to 'within each single textual sourc…
Why Translation Is Difficult
2017
The paper develops a definition of translation literality that is based on the syntactic and semantic similarity of the source and the target texts. We provide theoretical and empirical evidence that absolute literal translations are easy to produce. Based on a multilingual corpus of alternative translations we investigate the effects of cross-lingual syntactic and semantic distance on translation production times and find that non-literality makes from-scratch translation and post-editing difficult. We show that statistical machine translation systems encounter even more difficulties with non-literality.
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and breast cancer: Beyond the prognostic and predictive utility
2017
The importance of the immune system as a potent anti-tumor defense has been consolidated in recent times, and novel immune-related therapies are today demonstrating a strong clinical benefit in the setting of several solid neoplasms. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes reflect the attempt of the host to eradicate malignancies, and during the last decades, they have been shown to possess an interesting prognostic utility for breast cancer, especially in case of HER2 positive and triple-negative molecular subtypes. In parallel, the clinical evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has been shown to effectively predict treatment outcomes in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. Currently, tu…
Algunas consideraciones bioéticas y jurídicas acerca de la Declaración de Ginebra sobre edición del genoma humano hereditario a la vista de las Decla…
2021
[ES] La reciente Declaración de Ginebra sobre edición del genoma humano denuncia la posición central que han ocupado tanto la Ciencia como la Bioética hasta la fecha, afirmando que ambas mantienen una posición decididamente favorable respecto a esta bioingeniería, y todo lo cual pone de manifiesto la acuciante necesidad de reorientar el debate hacia el campo del Derecho. El presente artículo tiene por objeto analizar pormenorizadamente las consideraciones vertidas en este documento, formulando interrogantes sobre algunas de ellas, y poniendo en valor la conveniencia de articular un consenso multidisciplinar encabezado por los derechos humanos, en particular, de aquellos grupos más vulnerabl…
Rediģēšanas prasmju loma sarakstes kvalitātes paaugstināšanā
2021
Daudzi pētījumi ietvera rediģēšanas tēmu, uzsverot tās nozīmi rakstīšanas procesā. Tomēr, maz pētījumu tika veikti gan par pašrediģēšanas, gan vienaudžu rediģēšanas prasmēm, un neviens pētījums neizskatīja rediģēšanu, lai uzlabotu profesionālās vidusskolas skolēnu, kuri apgūst angļu valodu, kā svešvalodu, rakstīšanas prasmes. Tāpēc pētījuma mērķis bija izpētīt rediģēšanas prasmes kā stratēģiju, lai palīdzētu dalībniekiem kļūt neatkarīgiem no viņu pašu rakstītā kritiskā novērtējuma un, vajadzības gadījumā, to pārveidot. Tika piemērota gadījuma izpēte ar pirms- un pēctestu, kā arī pēcaptaujas, datu kvantitatīvām un kvalitatīvām analīzēm. Secinājumi atklāja, ka piemērotas rediģēšanas prasmes u…
Is HLA type a possible cancer risk modifier in Lynch syndrome?
2022
Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common inherited cancer syndrome. It is inherited via a monoallelic germline variant in one of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. LS carriers have a broad 30-80% risk of developing various malignancies, and more precise, individual risk estimations would be of high clinical value, allowing tailored cancer prevention and surveillance. Due to MMR deficiency, LS cancers are characterized by the accumulation of frameshift mutations leading to highly immunogenic frameshift peptides (FSPs). Thus, immune surveillance is proposed to inhibit the outgrowth of MMR-deficient cell clones. Recent studies have shown that immunoediting during the evolution of MMR-deficient…
Modulação gênica em embriões humanos
2018
O recente implemento de moderna tecnologia -CRISPR/Cas9- possibilitou o avanço inquestionável da edição gênica em linhagem germinativa humana, seja por meio da manipulação de células precursoras de gametas, células tronco pluripotentes, gametas ou, até mesmo, de embriões. Mesmo levando em conta os benefícios terapêuticos preventivos demonstrados nas pesquisas básicas e préclínicas em embriões humanos, tais investigações encontram barreiras de aceitação em todo o mundo. Tal situação exige mudança de atitude no sentido de incrementar o debate em torno da aplicabilidade dessas novas tecnologias. Assim, a adequação das atuais regulamentações faz-se necessária e deve incluir a superação dos desa…
The application of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing machinery in food and agricultural science: Current status, future perspectives, and associated cha…
2019
The recent progress in genetic engineering has brought multiple benefits to the food and agricultural industry by enhancing the essential characteristics of agronomic traits. Powerful tools in the field of genome editing, such as siRNA-mediated RNA interference for targeted suppression of gene expression and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) for DNA repair have been widely used for commercial purposes. However, in the last few years, the discovery of the CRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionized genome editing and has attracted attention as a powerful tool for several industrial applications. Herein, we review current progresses in the uti…
A putative antiviral role of plant cytidine deaminases
2014
[Background]: A mechanism of innate antiviral immunity operating against viruses infecting mammalian cells has been described during the last decade. Host cytidine deaminases (e.g., APOBEC3 proteins) edit viral genomes, giving rise to hypermutated nonfunctional viruses; consequently, viral fitness is reduced through lethal mutagenesis. By contrast, sub-lethal hypermutagenesis may contribute to virus evolvability by increasing population diversity. To prevent genome editing, some viruses have evolved proteins that mediate APOBEC3 degradation. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes nine cytidine deaminases ( AtCDAs), raising the question of whether deamination is an antiviral mec…