Search results for "Editing"

Deploying Genome Editing Tools for Dissecting the Biology of Nut Trees

2019

Walnuts are among the most important nut crops grown in temperate regions of the world. Commercial production in California, and increasingly worldwide, relies on only few clonally grafted scion genotypes, particularly “Chandler,” and more recently clonally propagated disease-resistant rootstocks. Diseases, nematodes, insect pests, abiotic stresses, and other nutritional and environmental factors, can reduce walnut productivity and quality, affecting grower profitability. The California Walnut Breeding Program at UC Davis has developed and released scion cultivars and rootstocks to help address some of these problems. Sequencing of the walnut genome is expected to speed walnut breeding by f…

Interaction of 68–kDa TAR RNA-binding protein and other cellular proteins with rpion protein-RNA stem-loop

1995

The RNA stem-loop structure of the trans-activating region TAR sequence of human immunodeficiency virus-1 mRNA is the binding site for a number of host cell proteins. A virtually identical set of proteins from HeLa nuclear extracts was found to bind to the predicted RNA hairpin element of prion protein (PrP) mRNA, as demonstrated in UV cross-linking/RNase protection and Northwestern assays. We show that the cellular TAR loop-binding protein, p68, is among those proteins which associate with PrP RNA. Competition experiments with various TAR RNA mutants revealed that binding of partially purified p68 to PrP RNA stem-loop occurs sequence-specifically. The 100-kDa 2-5A synthetase which is invol…

FEDRO: a software tool for the automatic discovery of candidate ORFs in plants with c →u RNA editing

2019

RNA editing is an important mechanism for gene expression in plants organelles. It alters the direct transfer of genetic information from DNA to proteins, due to the introduction of differences between RNAs and the corresponding coding DNA sequences. Software tools successful for the search of genes in other organisms not always are able to correctly perform this task in plants organellar genomes. Moreover, the available software tools predicting RNA editing events utilise algorithms that do not account for events which may generate a novel start codon. We present Fedro, a Java software tool implementing a novel strategy to generate candidate Open Reading Frames (ORFs) resulting from Cytidi…

Arabinose nucleoside triphosphates are no inhibitors for DNA-dependent RNA polymerases.

1976

1-Beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5' -triphosphate and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenosine-5' -triphosphate were found to have no inhibitory potency for both mammalian DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II and E. coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Empirical Research in Linguistics

2021

Citrus biotechnology

2020

Agricultural crops that can better withstand the changing climatic and pathogen landscape have been produced through natural selection throughout the millennia and, in recent years, through the process of human-assisted plant breeding and selection. However, a lack of genetic diversity in many commercially cultivated crops (due to monoculture) has made them more vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stresses (Esquinas-Alcazar, 2005; Keneni et al., 2012). Citrus, belonging to the Rutaceae family, is one of the most important commercial woody fruit crops in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The origin of citrus is traced back to parts of tropical and subtropical Southeast Asia (Wu e…

Investigating CRISPR-CAS13b as a tool for the RNA editing of CFTR mRNA with premature stop codon

2020

Background and Rationale Some CF patients are compound heterozygous or homozygous for nonsense mutations in the CFTR gene. Mutant CFTR gene coding for transcripts with premature termination codons (PTCs) is responsible for truncated CFTR protein and for a severe form of the disease. In a precision medicine framework the “REPAIRv2” (RNA Editing for Programmable A to I Replacement v2) tool, developed in the laboratory of Dr. Feng Zhang (USA), seems a good alternative to restore the full-length CFTR protein by editing its mRNA containing PTCs. This new approach is based on the possibility of targeting a deaminase enzyme (huADAR2) to a specific Adenosine, to be edited to Inosine (G analogue), o…

Terapia genica. Un'indagine biogiuridica

2018

L’opera, inquadrata in quell’ambito di ricerca ormai comunemente individuato come “biodiritto”, si occupa in particolare della terapia genica, più specificamente nella sua versione germinale, indagando sulle ricadute che l’uso di tali tecniche può implicare per il sistema giuridico, il quale ha dovuto — come spesso accade — cercare di offrire una disciplina il più possibile coerente a un fenomeno del tutto nuovo, pur facendo spesso riferimento a istituti e principi sorti per regolamentare fattispecie affatto differenti. Nella ricostruzione delle fonti giuridiche esistenti e delle prime policies in materia, l’autore non si è potuto esimere da un’analisi della giurisprudenza e dell’evoluzione…

New Frontiers in the Treatment of Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia.

2021

: Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare genetic disorder. The most common cause is a mutation in both alleles of the gene encoding for the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, although other causative mutations have been identified. Complications of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are common in these patients; therefore, reducing the elevated LDL-cholesterol burden is critical in their management. Conventionally, this is achieved by patients initiating lipid-lowering therapy, but this can present challenges in clinical practice. Fortunately, novel therapeutic strategies have enabled promising innovations in HoFH treatment. This review highlights recent and ongo…

Genome-wide adaptive complexes to underground stresses in blind mole rats Spalax

2014

The blind mole rat (BMR), Spalax galili, is an excellent model for studying mammalian adaptation to life underground and medical applications. The BMR spends its entire life underground, protecting itself from predators and climatic fluctuations while challenging it with multiple stressors such as darkness, hypoxia, hypercapnia, energetics and high pathonecity. Here we sequence and analyse the BMR genome and transcriptome, highlighting the possible genomic adaptive responses to the underground stressors. Our results show high rates of RNA/DNA editing, reduced chromosome rearrangements, an over-representation of short interspersed elements (SINEs) probably linked to hypoxia tolerance, degene…