Search results for "Effluent"
showing 10 items of 235 documents
The impact of effluents of Pitkäranta pulp mill on the water quality of Lake Ladoga: a model study
1996
The aim of this study is to show the effects of the Pitkaranta pulp mill on the water quality of Northern Ladoga by using water quality models. The effluent loading of the pulp mill with its full production capacity is as follows: Water flow 85 000 m3 d−1 BOD5 2.4 t d−1 Suspended solids 4.1 t d−1 tot-N 330 kg d−1 tot-P 68 kg d−1 COD(Cr) 14.4 t d−1 Org. C 6 t d−1 Lignosulphonates 9.4 t d−1 Loadings of lignosulphonates and organic C are estimations. Lignosulphonate concentrations of 10.5 mg 1−1 have been reported in the region of Pitkaranta. The study area of northern Ladoga near the pulp mill was divided into three zones (I, II and III). The mean depth of each of them is considered as 10 m, …
Fate of pulp mill effluent compounds in a finnish watercourse
2013
Chloroorganic chemicals emitted from the pulp and paper mill at nekoski in central Finland were monitored for several years. Concentration time series are used for evaluating the environmental fate and the applicability and validity of an exposure models. Fitted elimination rates of 3,4,5-Tri-, 4,5,6-Tri-, Tetrachloroguaiacol and 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol are approx. 0.22 d(-1), or rather the half-lives are approx. 3 days. The elimination is most likely by biodegradation and transport-controlled. For 2,3,6-trichloro-p-cymene, fate simulations indicate significant volatilization and sedimentation. Good agreement is achieved with a one-dimensional steady-state box model, except for concentrations…
Alkyl polychlorobibenzyls and planar aromatic chlorocompounds in pulp mill products, effluents, sludges and exposed biota
1992
Abstract Aromatic chlorocompounds which interfere in GC/MS analysis of dioxins were studied in samples from three different pulp mills and in fish and mussels exposed to pulp mill effluents. The major interfering compounds were chlorinated alkyl bibenzyls (R-PCBBs; R = C5-alkyl; P = 1–4). In pulp mill samples, levels of C5-PCBBs (10–120 ng/l in effluents, 5–33 ng/g in dried sludges) were orders of magnitude higher than the levels of toxic PCDDs and PCDFs. C5-PCBBs bioaccumulated slightly to the recipient fish (0–2 pg/g in fresh muscles) and to incubated mussels (3–26 ng/g in lipid). In mussels, significant levels (19–73 ng/g in lipid) of other than pulp mill originated toxic hepta- and octa…
THERP and HEART integrated methodology for human error assessment
2015
Abstract THERP and HEART integrated methodology is proposed to investigate accident scenarios that involve operator errors during high-dose-rate (HDR) treatments. The new approach has been modified on the basis of fuzzy set concept with the aim of prioritizing an exhaustive list of erroneous tasks that can lead to patient radiological overexposures. The results allow for the identification of human errors that are necessary to achieve a better understanding of health hazards in the radiotherapy treatment process, so that it can be properly monitored and appropriately managed.
Simultaneous nitritation-denitritation for the treatment of high-strength nitrogen in hypersaline wastewater by aerobic granular sludge
2015
Abstract Fish processing industries produce wastewater containing high amounts of salt, organic matter and nitrogen. Biological treatment of such wastewaters could be problematic due to inhibitory effects exerted by high salinity levels. In detail, high salt concentrations lead to the accumulation of nitrite due to the inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. The feasibility of performing simultaneous nitritation and denitritation in the treatment of fish canning wastewater by aerobic granular sludge was evaluated, and simultaneous nitritation–denitritation was successfully sustained at salinities up to 50 gNaCl L −1 , with a yield of over 90%. The total nitrogen concentration in the efflu…
Improved Salmonella recovery from moderate to highly polluted waters.
1982
A new enrichment procedure for the recovery of salmonellas from aquatic environments is proposed. It has been tested in a eutrophic lake showing moderate to high faecal contamination levels (the Albufera lake near Valencia, Spain), and in effluents coming into a wastewater treatment plant. The new method consists of the addition of sodium novobiocin to a modification of Rappaport's medium (R10/43°C). The new medium (NR10/43°C) allows a better recovery of salmonellas from water than selenite broth.
Analysis of Air Discharges from a PET Radiopharmaceuticals Production Center Based on a Cyclotron
2012
The control of air contamination in a Nuclear Medicine Center (NMC) provided with a cyclotron for the production of radiopharmaceuticals is based on an automatic systems for air sampling and measurements. An important control for the assessment of dose to the population is aimed at the measurement of air concentration of stack release and inside the cyclotron vault during irradiation. The frequency of sampling can be setup as continuous with respect to the stack effluent release and cyclic for other work environments. The gamma-ray spectrometric measurement are made on-line and for a short time by using a shielded Marinelli beaker filled with sampled air and a gamma detector. The use of thi…
Techno-economic analysis of integrated processes for the treatment and valorisation of neutral coal mine effluents
2020
Abstract The disposal of highly-concentrated neutral coal mine effluents into the environment constitutes a severe threat to the natural ecosystem. This work proposes and compares five novel treatment chains to purify the effluent and recover raw materials. The chains present different combinations of pre-treatment and concentration technologies. In all cases, the solution sent to the concentration step is concentrated up to saturation to recover water and sodium chloride. Concerning the technical performances, the treatment chains are compared in terms of total energy demand and salt recovery. Furthermore, the economic feasibility assessment is performed via a novel global parameter, i.e. …
Techno-economic assessment of multi-effect distillation process for the treatment and recycling of ion exchange resin spent brines
2019
Abstract A treatment chain including nanofiltration, crystallization and multi-effect distillation (MED) is for the first time proposed for the treatment of an effluent produced during the regeneration of Ion Exchange resins employed for water softening. The goal is to recover the minerals and to restore the regenerant solution to be reused in the next regeneration cycle. MED is the most crucial unit of the treatment chain from an economic point of view. A techno-economic analysis on the MED unit was performed and a novel performance indicator, named Levelized Brine Cost, was introduced as a measure of the economic feasibility of the process. Different scenarios were analysed, assuming diff…
Diffusion Dialysis for Separation of Hydrochloric Acid, Iron and Zinc Ions from Highly Concentrated Pickling Solutions
2020
Acid recovery from pickling waste solutions is an important step to enhance hot-dip-galvanizing industry process sustainability. Diffusion dialysis (DD) can be used to separate acids and heavy metals (e.g., iron and zinc) from pickling waters, promoting the circular use of such raw materials. In the present study, a laboratory scale unit operating in batch and a continuous large scale unit, both equipped with Fumasep anionic exchange membranes, were tested. Results obtained show that zinc and iron concentration affect the HCl recovery in opposite ways. Iron chlorides enhance acid recovery, while zinc chlorides considerably tend to diffuse through the membrane because of negatively charged c…