Search results for "Election"

Frequency-dependent flight activity in the colour polymorphic wood tiger moth

2015

Abstract Predators efficiently learn to avoid one type of warning signal rather than several, making colour polymorphisms unexpected. Aposematic wood tiger moth males Parasemia plantaginis have either white or yellow hindwing coloration across Europe. Previous studies indicate that yellow males are better defended from predators, while white males have a positively frequency-dependent mating advantage. However, the potential frequency-dependent behavioural differences in flight between the morphs, as well as the role of male-male interactions in inducing flying activity, have not been previously considered. We ran an outdoor cage experiment where proportions of both male morphs were manipul…

Context-dependent foraging habitat selection in a farmland raptor along an agricultural intensification gradient

2021

Abstract Gradients of agricultural intensification in agroecosystems may determine uneven resource availability for predators relying on these man-made habitats. In turn, these variations in resource availability may affect predators’ habitat selection patterns, resulting in context-dependent habitat selection. We assessed the effects of gradients of landscape composition and configuration on habitat selection of a colonial farmland bird of prey, the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni), relying on 76 GPS-tracked nestling-rearing individuals from 10 populations scattered along an agricultural intensification gradient. Analyses were conducted considering two ecological levels of aggregation (the …

A New Method to Reconstruct Quantitative Food Webs and Nutrient Flows from Isotope Tracer Addition Experiments

2020

Understanding how nutrients flow through food webs is central in ecosystem ecology. Tracer addition experiments are powerful tools to reconstruct nutrient flows by adding an isotopically enriched element into an ecosystem and tracking its fate through time. Historically, the design and analysis of tracer studies have varied widely, ranging from descriptive studies to modeling approaches of varying complexity. Increasingly, isotope tracer data are being used to compare ecosystems and analyze experimental manipulations. Currently, a formal statistical framework for analyzing such experiments is lacking, making it impossible to calculate the estimation errors associated with the model fit, the…

Communication politique et réseaux sociaux: les élections présidentielles 2014 en Roumanie sous la loupe de Twitter et de Facebook

2015

Dans cet article nous proposons d’étudier l’utilisation des réseaux socio-numériques (essentiellement Facebook et Twitter) à des fins de communication politique dans le contexte spécifique des élections présidentielles qui ont eu lieu en Roumanie entre le 2 et le 16 novembre 2014. Nous essaierons de déterminer l’efficacité du recours à ces réseaux dans la communication des candidats et l’influence qu’ils ont pu exercer sur l’issue de la campagne. In this article we propose to study the use of socio-digital networks (mainly Facebook and Twitter) for the purpose of political communication in the specific context of the presidential elections were held in Romania between 2 and 16 November 2014…

Przestępstwa przeciwko wyborom i głosowaniu w polskim prawie karnym XX wieku

2016

Mapping a-priori defined plant associations using remotely sensed vegetation characteristics

2014

Abstract Incorporation of a priori defined plant associations into remote sensing products is a major challenge that has only recently been confronted by the remote sensing community. We present an approach to map the spatial distribution of such associations by using plant indicator values (IVs) for salinity, moisture and nutrients as an intermediate between spectral reflectance and association occurrences. For a 12 km 2 study site in the Netherlands, the relations between observed IVs at local vegetation plots and visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) airborne reflectance data were modelled using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) (R 2 0.73, 0.64 and 0.76 for sali…

Germinal center B cells govern their own fate via antibody feedback

2013

High-affinity antibodies reenter germinal centers (GCs) and limit antigen access, thus causing sustained directional evolution in GCs toward higher-affinity antibody production.

Data from: Maintenance costs of male dominance and sexually antagonistic selection in the wild

2019

1. Variation in dominance status determines male mating and reproductive success, but natural selection for male dominance can be detrimental or antagonistic for female performance, and ultimately their fitness. Attaining and maintaining a high dominance status in a population of competing individuals is physiologically costly for males. But how male dominance status is mediated by maintenance energetics is currently not well understood, nor are the correlational effects of male energetics on his sisters recognized. 2. We conducted laboratory and field experiments on rodent populations to test whether selective breeding for male dominance status (dominant vs. subordinate breeding lines) ant…

Maintenance costs of male dominance and sexually antagonistic selection in the wild

2018

Variation in dominance status determines male mating and reproductive success, but natural selection for male dominance can be detrimental or antagonistic for female performance, and ultimately their fitness. Attaining and maintaining a high dominance status in a population of competing individuals is physiologically costly for males. But how male dominance status is mediated by maintenance energetics is currently not well understood, nor are the corresponding effects of male energetics on his sisters recognized. We conducted laboratory and field experiments on rodent populations to test whether selective breeding for male dominance status (dominant vs. subordinate breeding lines) antagonis…

Timing of reproductive effort as an alternative mating strategy in young black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) males

2014

Seksuaalivalinta aiheuttaa yksilöiden välille kilpailua parittelukumppaneista, minkä johdosta osa yksilöistä lisääntyy toisia enemmän. Elinkiertoteorian mukaan yksilöt eivät niukkojen resurssien vuoksi pysty tehokkaasti kohdentamaan energiaa samanaikaisesti useisiin toimintoihin, kuten kasvuun, selviytymiseen ja lisääntymiseen. Ikä, suuri koko ja näyttävät seksuaaliornamentit ovat seksuaalivalinnassa menestyvän yksilön merkkejä, sillä tällaisilla yksilöillä riittää energiaa elintärkeiden toimintojen lisäksi myös lisääntymiseen. Tavallisesti ne menestyvätkin parhaiten kilpailussa parittelukumppaneista. Nuoret tai huonokuntoiset yksilöt voivat kuitenkin turvautua vaihtoehtoisiin lisääntymisst…