Search results for "Election"
showing 10 items of 2159 documents
Cultural approach to the perception of risk: analysing concern about the siting of a high-level nuclear waste facility in Finland
1999
A study of local residents' attitudes toward the siting of a high-level nuclear waste facility in Finland was undertaken in three municipalities (Eurajoki, Kuhmo and Aänekoski) that are being considered possible host communities for the facility. The results of the survey show that opposition to the facility is quite strong in two of the three municipalities, while in the third a polarization of opinions into two opposing camps is evident. The size, social structure and substance of the local opposition and support are analysed. The thesis of the paper is that in order to understand different opinions about the facility, one must understand the cultural logic of risk perception. People eva…
Clinical trials in children.
2006
Abstract Randomized controlled clinical trials are felt by the medical community to provide the best evidence. Participation in trials involves the possibility of obtaining benefits but also of suffering some risks. Those risks are often considered unacceptable for children but if clinical trials are not conducted in children, clinicians are forced to extrapolate study data from adults. In 1968 H. Shirkey termed children "therapeutic orphans" because of the lack of adequately tested and labeled drugs available in appropriate formulations. Research involving children entails specific difficulties as the need to study children of different ages, the small number of children affected by certai…
Randomised clinical trials: a source of ethical dilemmas
2001
Clinical trials give rise to ethical dilemmas, especially in the acutely ill, but we take issue with two points raised in a recent comment on a specific acute myocardial infarction (AMI) trial. The commentators judged that the trial most likely could, and therefore should, have been terminated much earlier. By analysing the problem statistically we arrive at results that go against their intuitive judgment—they also see it as mandatory to update the patient Information sheet as trial results accrue and trends begin to emerge. In our view, interpreting subtle trends and borderline p-values must rest with data monitoring boards, not patients. Moreover, patients with AMI or in other medical em…
Acute hepatitis C: in search of the optimal approach to cure.
2006
Abstract IFN monotherapy for acute hepatitis C can be supported, but a strategy taking into account both baseline (clinical presentation, genotype, HIV coinfection) and early (spontaneous viral decay) virologic response should be developed from carefully conducted, controlled prospective studies comparing a “wait and see strategy”, and different schedules of PEG IFN monotherapy to optimize adherence and costs and to reduce the number needed to treat. The price of the ultimate success of therapy for AVH due to HCV, i.e. a stable and definitive clearance of HCV with no residual liver disease in the long term, should not be paid by a high number of patients who are treated needlessly.
Lipoprotein apheresis in Germany - Still more commonly indicated than implemented. How can patients in need access therapy?
2019
Abstract Background Although lipid-lowering drugs, especially statins, and recently also PCSK9 inhibitors can reduce LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and decrease the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) including coronary artery disease (CAD) events most efficiently, only 5–10% of high-risk cardiovascular patients reach the target values recommended by international guidelines. In patients who cannot be treated adequately by drugs it is possible to reduce increased LDL-C and/or lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) values by the use of lipoprotein apheresis (LA) with the potential to decrease severe CVD events in the range of 70%->80%. Even in Germany, a country with well-established reimbursement guidelines for…
Simplified orthotopic ileocaecal pouch (Mainz pouch) for bladder substitution
2005
Evidence-based medicine and the problem of healthy volunteers
2017
Abstract Healthy controls are subjects without the disease being studied but may have other conditions indirectly affecting outcome. In the present epidemics of obesity a few subjects with undiagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease enter clinical studies as controls, producing biased results. Stricter selection criteria should be considered to prevent this risk.
Mobilization of short-term memory capacity for odors in discriminative tests: implication for assessors' selection
2004
Abstract The objective was to determine whether individual short-term memory capacities for odor are related to performance at discriminative tests. Two groups of 11 subjects were formed with different short-term memory for odor but equivalent sensitivity toward benzaldehyde, the aromatic compound to be detected in discriminative tests. The subject sensitivity was determined by d ′ values, derived from a detection task. Memory span for odors was the largest number of odors memorized at once. It ranged from 1 to 3 for the low memory span group and from 5 to 7 for the high memory span group. Then, subjects performed 20 triangle tests and 12 2-out-of-5 tests with two strawberry flavored soft d…
Patient selection, echocardiographic screening and treatment strategies for interventional tricuspid repair using the edge-to-edge repair technique
2018
Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) has long been neglected despite its well-known association with mortality. While surgical mortality rates remain high in isolated tricuspid valve surgery, interventional TR repair is rapidly evolving as an alternative to cardiac surgery in selected patients at high surgical risk. Currently, interventional edge-to-edge repair is the most frequently applied technique for TR repair even though a device has not been developed for this particular indication. Due to the inherent differences in tricuspid and mitral valve anatomy and pathology, percutaneous repair of the tricuspid valve is challenging due to a variety of factors including the complexity and varia…