Search results for "Electric current"
showing 10 items of 75 documents
SEGREGATION CONTROL AT DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION USING MAGNETIC FIELD AND ELECTRIC CURRENT
2015
International audience
Electromotive Force Generation with Hydrogen Release by Salt Water Flow under a Transverse Magnetic Field
2011
By considering an electrolyte solution in motion in a duct under a transverse magnetic field, we notice that a so called Faraday voltage arises because of the Lorentz force acting on anions and cations in the fluid. When salt water is considered, hydrogen production takes place at one of the electrodes if an electric current, generated by Faraday voltage, flows in an external circuit. The maximum amount of hydrogen production rate is calculated by basic electrochemical concepts.
Comparison of resistance to damage of unalloyed carbon steels under the influence of hydrogen
2018
One of the most commonly used construction material in industry is unalloyed steel S235 and S355. These types of steel are used for construction of ships, bridges, coastal construction, welded tanks, and in buildings. Due to the operating conditions, these types of steel may undergo hydrogen degradation in the process of manufacturing of welded structures or when operating the structures. This paper presents the results of study into resistance of selected types of non-alloy structural steels to hydrogen degradation. Tests were carried out to determine changes in mechanical properties in the static trials of stretching without hydrogen, and after saturation with hydrogen. Parallel fractogra…
Monolithic integration of Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) devices onto standard processed CMOS dies
2014
Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) based technology is nowadays the preferred option for low magnetic fields sensing in disciplines such as biotechnology or microelectronics. Their compatibility with standard CMOS processes is currently investigated as a key point for the development of novel applications, requiring compact electronic readout. In this paper, such compatibility has been experimentally studied with two particular non-dedicated CMOS standards: 0.35 μm from AMS (Austria MicroSystems) and 2.5 μm from CNM (Centre Nacional de Microelectrònica, Barcelona) as representative examples. GMR test devices have been designed and fabricated onto processed chips from both technologies. In order …
Electron-induced limitation of surface plasmon propagation in silver nanowires
2013
Plasmonic circuitry is considered as a promising solution-effective technology for miniaturizing and integrating the next generation of optical nano-devices. A key element is the shared metal network between electrical and optical information enabling an efficient hetero-integration of an electronic control layer and a plasmonic data link. Here, we investigate to what extend surface plasmons and current-carrying electrons interfere in such a shared circuitry. By synchronously recording surface plasmon propagation and electrical output characteristics of single chemically-synthesized silver nanowires we determine the limiting factors hindering the co-propagation of electrical current and sur…
Electrochemical Characterization of Polyelectrolyte/Gold Nanoparticle Multilayers Self-Assembled on Gold Electrodes
2006
Polyelectrolyte/gold nanoparticle multilayers composed of poly(l-lysine) (pLys) and mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were built up using the electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly technique upon a gold electrode modified with a first layer of MSA. The assemblies were characterized using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic and square-wave voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Charge transport through the multilayer was studied experimentally as well as theoretically by using two different redox pairs [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) and [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+/2+). This paper reports a large sensitivity to the charge of the out…
Giant Edelstein effect in Topological-Insulator--Graphene heterostructures
2017
The control of a ferromagnet's magnetization via only electric currents requires the efficient generation of current-driven spin-torques. In magnetic structures based on topological insulators (TIs) current-induced spin-orbit torques can be generated. Here we show that the addition of graphene, or bilayer graphene, to a TI-based magnetic structure greatly enhances the current-induced spin density accumulation and significantly reduces the amount of power dissipated. We find that this enhancement can be as high as a factor of 100, giving rise to a giant Edelstein effect. Such a large enhancement is due to the high mobility of graphene (bilayer graphene) and to the fact that the graphene (bil…
Peltier cells as temperature control elements: Experimental characterization and modeling
2014
Abstract The use of Peltier cells to realize compact and precise temperature controlled devices is under continuous extension in recent years. In order to support the design of temperature control systems, a simplified modeling of heat transfer dynamics for thermoelectric devices is presented. By following a macroscopic approach, the heat flux removed at the cold side of Peltier cell can be expressed as Q ˙ c = γ ( T c − T c eq ) , where γ is a coefficient dependent on the electric current, Tc and T c eq are the actual and steady state cold side temperature, respectively. On the other hand, a microscopic modeling approach was pursued via finite element analysis software packages. To validat…
Origin of the substrate current after soft-breakdown in thin oxide n-MOSFETs
1999
In this paper is presented an experimental investigation on the origin of the substrate current after soft-breakdown in n-MOSFETs with 4.5 nm-thick oxide. At lower voltages this current shows a plateau that can be explained with the generation of hole-electron pairs in the space charge region and at the Si-SiO2 interface, and to carrier diffusion between the channel and the substrate. At higher voltages the substrate current steeply increases with voltage, due to trap-assisted tunneling from the substrate valence band to the gate conduction band, which becomes possible for gate voltages higher than the threshold voltage. Measurements on several devices at dark and in the presence of light, …
Hybrid Circuits with Nanofluidic Diodes and Load Capacitors
2017
[EN] The chemical and physical input signals characteristic of micro- and nanofluidic devices operating in ionic solutions should eventually be translated into output electric currents and potentials that are monitored with solid-state components. This crucial step requires the design of hybrid circuits showing robust electrical coupling between ionic solutions and electronic elements. We study experimentally and theoretically the connectivity of the nanofluidic diodes in single-pore and multipore membranes with conventional capacitor systems for the cases of constant, periodic, and white-noise input potentials. The experiments demonstrate the reliable operation of these hybrid circuits ove…