Search results for "Embryonic Stem Cell"
showing 10 items of 223 documents
Perlecan is critical for heart stability
2008
Aims Perlecan is a heparansulfate proteoglycan found in basement membranes, cartilage, and several mesenchymal tissues that form during development, tumour growth, and tissue repair. Loss-of-function mutations in the perlecan gene in mice are associated with embryonic lethality caused primarily by cardiac abnormalities probably due to hemopericards. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism underlying the early embryonic lethality and the pathophysiological relevance of perlecan for heart function. Methods and results Perlecan-deficient murine embryonic stem cells were used to investigate the myofibrillar network and the electrophysiological properties of single cardiomy…
Early development of human Merkel cells.
1992
Human fetal Merkel cells are now generally considered to be epidermal derivatives. Previous studies using antibodies against the simple epithelial cytokeratins (CKs), 8 and 18, have demonstrated the presence of these cells in the epidermis at as early as fetal week 10 to 12. Using antibodies against CK 20 whose expression within the skin is restricted to Merkel cells, we applied immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase microscopy to analyze earlier embryonic and fetal human skin (wk 7 to 9). We were able to demonstrate the first Merkel cells at as early as fetal wk 8, i.e., at the same time as the epidermis starts to develop an intermediate, third layer, characterized by the expression of CK…
Therapeutic use of human embryonic stem cells
2014
No Status Trial1 Not yet recruitingA Study Of Implantation Of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Retinal Pig-ment Epithelium In Subjects With Acute Wet Age Related MacularDegeneration And Recent Rapid Vision Decline.2 RecruitingA Phase I/IIa, Open-Label, Single-Center, Prospective Study to Determine the Safety and Tolerability of Sub-retinal Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Retinal Pigmented Epithelial (MA09-hRPE) Cells in Patients With Advanced Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD).3 RecruitingSafety and Tolerability of Sub-retinal Transplantation of Human Em-bryonic Stem Cell Derived Retinal Pigmented Epithelial (hESC-RPE) Cells in Patients With Stargardt’s Macular…
Cardiac Stem Cell Research: An Elephant in the Room?
2009
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the industrialized world, and stem cell therapy seems to be a promising treatment for injured cardiac tissue. To reach this goal, the scientific community needs to find a good source of stem cells that can be used to obtain new myocardium in a very period range of time. Since there are many ethical and technical problems with using embryonic stem cells as a source of cells with cardiogenic potential, many laboratories have attempted to isolate potential cardiac stem cells from several tissues. The best candidates seem to be cardiac "progenitor" and/or "stem" cells, which can be isolated from subendocardial biopsies from the same patient or from…
The intraclonal and interclonal phenotypic heterogeneity in a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line with abortive imitation of embryonic myogenesis
1988
Three distinct subpopulations (A, B, C) derived from a dimethylbenzanthracene-induced rat rhabdomyosarcoma were established as permanent cell lines. Although the clonal nature of each of these subpopulations was confirmed by repeated recloning procedures, a striking intraclonal phenotypic heterogeneity was observed. By means of immunofluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, it could be shown that these subpopulations closely recapitulate stages of embryonic rhabdomyogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, but differ in their particular range of maximum differentiation. Embryonic rhabdomyogenesis is imitated most perfectly by subpopulation C, in which multinuclear myotubes ar…
Murine embryonic stem cell line CGR8 expresses all subtypes of muscarinic receptors and multiple nicotinic receptor subunits: Down-regulation of α4- …
2015
Non-neuronal acetylcholine mediates its cellular effects via stimulation of the G-protein-coupled muscarinic receptors and the ligand-gated ion channel nicotinic receptors. The murine embryonic stem cell line CGR8 synthesizes and releases non-neuronal acetylcholine. In the present study a systematic investigation of the expression of nicotinic receptor subunits and muscarinic receptors was performed, when the stem cells were grown in the presence or absence of LIF, as the latter condition induces early differentiation. CGR8 cells expressed multiple nicotinic receptor subtypes (α3, α4, α7, α9, α10, β1, β2, β3, β4, γ, δ, e) and muscarinic receptors (M1, M3, M4, M5); M2 was detected only in 2 …
Activation of Neurogenesis in Multipotent Stem Cells Cultured In Vitro and in the Spinal Cord Tissue After Severe Injury by Inhibition of Glycogen Sy…
2020
AbstractThe inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) can induce neurogenesis, and the associated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling via GSK-3 inhibition may represent a means to promote motor function recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) via increased astrocyte migration, reduced astrocyte apoptosis, and enhanced axonal growth. Herein, we assessed the effects of GSK-3 inhibition in vitro on the neurogenesis of ependymal stem/progenitor cells (epSPCs) resident in the mouse spinal cord and of human embryonic stem cell–derived neural progenitors (hESC-NPs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived neural progenitors (hiPSC-NPs) and in vivo on spinal cord tissue regenera…
cGMP modulates stem cells differentiation to neurons in brain in vivo pathological implications
2011
During brain development there is a strict control of the proliferation, migration and differentiation of neural stem cells to different cell types. Alterations in the control of these processes may result in altered balance in the formation of different cell types resulting in a long-lasting impairment of cerebral processes. This occurs for example if brain is exposed to alcohol during key stages of development which results in accelerated glial cells formation, impaired neuron formation and impaired cognitive function. The molecular mechanisms modulating differentiation of neural stem cells to neurons or non neuronal cells are not well known. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a relevant role in thi…
Sodium channels enable fast electrical signaling and regulate phagocytosis in the retinal pigment epithelium
2019
Background Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels have traditionally been considered a trademark of excitable cells. However, recent studies have shown the presence of Nav channels in several non-excitable cells, such as astrocytes and macrophages, demonstrating that the roles of these channels are more diverse than was previously thought. Despite the earlier discoveries, the presence of Nav channel-mediated currents in the cells of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been dismissed as a cell culture artifact. We challenge this notion by investigating the presence and possible role of Nav channels in RPE both ex vivo and in vitro. Results Our work demonstrates that several subtypes of Nav cha…
Ultrastructural Studies on Development in Mature Seeds; Embryos ofEuonymus europaeaL. Dormant or Cultured at +25 °C
1989
Ultrastructural observations on naturally dispersed and dehydrated seeds of Euonymus europaea L. were performed. It was shown that during the culture of isolated embryos at 25 °C for 7 d the maturation of protein bodies continued; the initial juvenile form (single protein body per cell with dispersed contents) was developing into a more advanced form (single body split to form several sub-units with condensed contents). Parallel biochemical determinations pointed to an increase in insoluble protein levels. There were no changes in other storage organelles, lipid bodies, either in the fine structure or in the level of triacylglycerols. Deterioration of cellular membranes (in mitochondria, pr…