Search results for "Endocrine System"
showing 10 items of 1530 documents
Endocrine and ovarian response after a 2-day controlled suckling and eCG treatment in lactating rabbit does.
2006
Synchronization methods are used to obtain higher fertility when artificial insemination (AI) is applied to lactating rabbit does. The most common methods are eCG administration or temporary doe–litter separation. Nevertheless, drawbacks have been reported, such as negative side effects of hormonal treatment in the doe and low litter growth due to absence of suckling, respectively. Recently, improved reproductive performance (without visible consequences on young rabbit growth), has been obtained by applying a 2-day controlled nursing method before AI, by allowing for a 10 min nursing of the litter 24 h of separation. The present study was undertaken to examine the pituitary (PRL, LH, FSH) …
Weight Gain Associated with Cinnarizine
1992
OBJECTIVE: To report four cases of cinnarizine-induced weight gain. DATA SOURCES: Case reports from a local obesity center and review articles. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were abstracted from spontaneous comments made by patients to one of the authors, who was a doctor at the clinic, and reviewed by the remaining authors. DATA SYNTHESIS: We reviewed the cases of four women, aged 50–57 years without endocrine or metabolic pathologies, that showed weight gain associated with the intake of cinnarizine for one to two years. No other drugs usually were administered during the period in which the women gained weight, although in two cases cinnarizine was associated with dihydroergocristine in the same…
Mycotoxins: Occurrence and Determination
2016
Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by different types of fungi, belonging mainly to the Aspergillus , Penicillium , and Fusarium genera. This chapter presents a review of mycotoxins’ occurrence in food, and analytical methods proposed for their determination. Recent developments in sample preparation and chromatographic approaches for mycotoxins’ identification and quantification are highlighted. Current data on the occurrence of mycotoxins are also summarized. The chapter provides insight into the advances and progress in recent years and identifies remaining challenges.
Mitigation of enniatins in edible fish tissues by thermal processes and identification of degradation products.
2017
Emerging mycotoxins, such as enniatins and beauvericin, are common contaminants in vegetal matrices, but recently, the occurrence of mycotoxins in foodstuffs from animal origin has been also reported as they can be present in edible tissues of animals fed with contaminated feedstuffs. Sea bass, sea bream, Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout from aquaculture analyzed in the present survey showed contamination by emerging Fusarium mycotoxins enniatins (ENs). ENs were extracted from raw and cooked fish with acetonitrile and analyzed by Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. In this study, the stability of ENs was evaluated during food processing by the application of different cooki…
Introduction to the Toxins Special Issue on Toxicological Effects of Mycotoxin on Target Cells.
2020
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi from Fusarium, Alternaria and Penicillium spp [...]
New perspectives on the renal slit diaphragm protein podocin.
2011
Podocin is a critical component of the glomerular filtration barrier, its mutations causing recessive steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. A GenBank analysis of the human podocin (NPHS2) gene resulted in the possible existence of a new splice variant of podocin in the kidney, missing the in-frame of exon 5, encoding the prohibitin homology domain. Using RT–polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting followed by sequence analysis, we are for the first time able to prove the expression of a novel podocin isoform (isoform 2), exclusively and constitutively expressed in human podocytes. Furthermore, we reveal singular extrarenal podocin expression in human and murine testis. Our data show the…
Vitamin A modulates the effects of thyroid hormone on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase expression and activity in rat liver.
2002
We studied the influence of thyroid hormones and vitamin A status on the regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) expression and the glucuronidation of thyroid hormones by UGTs. For this, we used an original model of rats fed with different vitamin A diets and implanted subcutaneously by osmotic minipumps delivering vehicle or thyroid hormones, which permitted the control of plasma thyroid hormone concentrations. The activity and expression of family 1 UGTs are correlated and were significantly modified by both thyroid status and amounts of retinol in the diet. Dietary vitamin A did not perturbe the UGT1A expression in thyroidectomized animals. Thyroid hormones and dietary vitamin A …
Midgut aminopeptidase N isoforms from Ostrinia nubilalis: Activity characterization and differential binding to Cry1Ab and Cry1Fa proteins from Bacil…
2013
Aminopeptidase N (APN) isoforms from Lepidoptera are known for their involvement in the mode of action of insecticidal Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis. These enzymes belong to a protein family with at least eight different members that are expressed simultaneously in the midgut of lepidopteran larvae. Here, we focus on the characterization of the APNs from Ostrinia nubilalis (OnAPNs) to identify potential Cry receptors. We expressed OnAPNs in insect cells using a baculovirus system and analyzed their enzymatic activity by probing substrate specificity and inhibitor susceptibility. The interaction with Cry1Ab and Cry1Fa proteins (both found in transgenic insect-resistant maize) was …
Gamma-secretase modulation with Abeta42-lowering nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and derived compounds.
2006
The amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides and specifically the highly amyloidogenic isoform Abeta42 appear to be key agents in the pathogenesis of familial and sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The final step in the generation of Abeta from the amyloid precursor protein is catalyzed by the multiprotein complex gamma-secretase, which constitutes a prime drug target for prevention and therapy of the disease. However, highly potent gamma-secretase inhibitors that block formation of all Abeta peptides have provoked troubling side effects in preclinical animal models of AD. This toxicity can be readily explained by the promiscuous substrate specificity of gamma-secretase and its essential role…
Splenogonadal Fusion: A Genetic Disorder?—Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
2014
Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital anomaly in which there is fusion between the spleen and gonad, epididymis or vas. We treated a patient with scrotal mass. A discontinuous fusion between the spleen and epididymis was found: after frozen section mass was excised sparing testis. Although rare, the splenogonadal fusion should be considered in the differential diagnosis of scrotal masses in children, and orchiectomy should be avoided. Moreover, examination of siblings showed a brother affected from accessory spleen. This finding, not reported previously to our knowledge, suggests a possible familiarity of this disorder. Keywords: Splenogonadal fusion, Testis, Accessory spleen