Search results for "Engineering sciences"
showing 10 items of 2347 documents
Changes in meibomian fatty acids and ocular surface in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction after minocycline treatment
2008
International audience; Purpose:Tear film lipid layer (TFLL) is a very structured layer with essential functions. Its structure is highly dependent on chemical and physical characteristics of lipids composing the TFLL We previously published alterations in the composition of TFLL in patients suffering from meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) were significantly increased, suggesting that BCFA may be associated with the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a treatment by oral minocycline associated to lid hygiene versus lid hygiene only on changes in ocular surface abnormalities and in meibomian fatty acid composition in patients suffer…
Characterization of major discontinuities from borehole cores of the black consolidated marl formation of Draix (French Alps)
2012
A quantitative description of rock discontinuities present in subsurface cores that were drilled (down to 20 m) in the marls of the Laval and Moulin catchments near Draix (France) is presented. Three kinds of discontinuities are studied: those fully open, those open but filled with clay rich material and those sealed with calcite. With a laser profiler, the topography of facing sides of typical discontinuities was measured with a normal resolution of 1 µm. The probability distribution of the elevation of each surface are obtained and shown to be normal. Possible self-affine scaling invariance of the topography were explored. The mineralogical content of an interface between the marl bulk an…
cIAP1 regulates TNF-mediated cdc42 activation and filopodia formation
2013
International audience; umour necrosis factor-α (TNF) is a cytokine endowed with multiple functions, depending on the cellular and environmental context. TNF receptor engagement induces the formation of a multimolecular complex including the TNFR-associated factor TRAF2, the receptor-interaction protein kinase RIP1 and the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis cIAP1, the latter being essential for NF-κB activation. Here, we show that cIAP1 also regulates TNF-induced actin cytoskeleton reorganization through a cdc42-dependent, NF-κB-independent pathway. Deletion of cIAP1 prevents TNF-induced filopodia and cdc42 activation. The expression of cIAP1 or its E3-ubiquitin ligase-defective mutant restore…
A French prospective pilot study for identifying dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency in breast cancer patients (pts) receiving capecitab…
2013
e13519 Background: For fluoropyrimidines, and especially cap, Health Authorities point out that DPD deficiency confers a significant risk of major toxicity (tox). Identification of at-risk pts is thus relevant. This multicentric prospective study of the French GPCO group (Groupe de Pharmacologie Clinique Oncologique, Unicancer) evaluated the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of DPD phenotyping and genotyping for predicting severe cap-related tox in metastatic breast cancer pts. Methods: 303 pts were included (15 institutions), 88% received cap as monotherapy, 28% were treated as first line (mean dose at 1st cycle 1957 mg/m2/d). Pre-treatment dihydrouracil (UH2) and uracil (U) …
New insight into the genetics of age-related macular degeneration in connection with lipid metabolism
2010
Evaluation of: Zerbib J, Seddon JM, Richard F et al. rs5888 variant of SCARB1 gene is a possible susceptibility factor for age-related macular degeneration. PLoS ONE 4(10), e7341 (2009).Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual loss in elderly populations of Western countries. According to demographic forecasts, and owing to the improvement in life expectancy, the number of people suffering from this pathology is expected to dramatically increase in the near future, thereby becoming a significant socioeconomic burden. There has been great progress in defining risk factors for AMD over the last few decades. Beyond advanced age, environmental and genetic factors ha…
Bidirectional sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence emission is influenced by leaf structure and light scattering properties : a bottom-up approach
2015
Abstract Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) at leaf level is emitted in both upward and downward directions in the red and far-red part of the spectrum (650–850 nm) when a leaf is illuminated from the upper leaf surface. Hence, total SIF is represented by the sum of the upward and downward emission components. Nevertheless, the downward component of leaf SIF is often not considered despite that downward fluorescence yield (↓FY) can amount up to 40% of the total fluorescence yield (FYtot). Downward SIF is mainly emitted in the far-red, since this part of fluoresced light is highly scattered within leaves, unlike red Chl fluorescence, which is mostly reabsorbed. While total FY can be …
Observation of topological gravity-capillary waves in a water wave crystal
2019
The discovery of topological phases of matter, initially driven by theoretical advances in quantum condensed matter physics, has been recently extended to classical wave systems, reaching out to a wealth of novel potential applications in signal manipulation and energy concentration. Despite the fact that many realistic wave media (metals at optical frequencies, polymers at ultrasonic frequencies) are inherently dispersive, topological wave transport in photonic and phononic crystals has so far been limited to ideal situations and proof-of-concept experiments involving dispersionless media. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of topological edge states in a classical water …
Analyse et détection des électrogrammes complexes fractionnés en vue de soigner la fibrillation auriculaire à l'aide de techniques d'ablation par rad…
2013
This manuscript presents research on the analysis and the detection of Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrograms (CFAE). In the first part, following a presentation over Atrial Fibrillation (AF) mechanisms and bioelectrical signals, the most commonly used tools for analyzing CFAE are presented. Linear tools are initially applied to signals from AF ablation procedures, then nonlinear tools are shown and integrated intoa CFAE detection algorithm. This one is based on the quantification of electrogram recurrence properties. In the second part, the cell and cardiac muscle tissue are described and simulated using mathematical models. Models such as FitzHugh Nagumo, Aliev Panfilov and Courtemanche…
Surface-plasmon hopping along coupled coplanar cavities
2007
International audience; We report on surface-plasmon propagation along coupled coplanar cavities periodically distributed in an otherwise unperturbed plasmonic crystal. We show that the dispersion of particular Bloch modes can exhibit multiple energy gaps that can be adjusted by choosing the cavity size. For resonant sizes, the composite crystals composed of juxtaposed cavities can support plasmon modes at frequencies within the gap of the unperturbed grating. In this case, we demonstrate that the surface-plasmon propagation relies on a hopping mechanism.
Generation of soliton molecules, power regulation, regeneration and sculpting of pulse profiles within a multifunction fiber laser
2018
The work of this thesis strives to provide a solution to the persistent problem of poverty of mode-locked fiber lasers, in terms of functionality and flexibility. The thesis proposes a fiber-laser cavity having the specificity of being multifunctional. The cavity is equipped with tunable components, which provide the flexibility to realize functions ranging from the generation of pulses with complex profiles (solitons, bi-solitons, tri-solitons, etc.) up to the carving of pulse profiles, passing through the regulation of peak powers, and the regeneration of severely degraded intensity profiles. The laser cavity that we propose has the specificity of being controlled by a key component, whic…