Search results for "Engineering sciences"
showing 10 items of 2347 documents
Portability in analytical chemistry: a green and democratic way for sustainability
2019
International audience; Recent advances in portability of analytical equipment have been considered to enlighten the advantages offered by portable instrumentation on greening the analytical methods. Their use drastically reduces sampling, sample stockage, and transport, thus avoiding environmental side effects and risks, also improving decision-making. The fact that portable instrumentation is, in general, less expensive than bench instruments and apparatuses makes also available the analytical tools for extended sectors of the population, thus making accessible the advantages derived from analytical methods. The role of sensor technology and portable miniaturized systems has been consider…
An Improved Skew Angle Detection and Correction Technique for Historical Scanned Documents Using Morphological Skeleton and Progressive Probabilistic…
2017
International audience; Skew detection is a crucial step for document analysis systems. Indeed, it represents one of the basic challenges, especially in case of historical documents analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel robust skew angle detection and correction technique. Morphological Skeleton is introduced to significantly reduce the amount of data to treat by removing the redundant pixels and keeping only the central curves of the image components. The proposed method then uses Progressive Probabilistic Hough Transform (PPHT) to identify image lines. A special procedure is finally applied in order to estimate the global skew angle of the document image from these detected lines. E…
PV-Alert: A fog-based architecture for safeguarding vulnerable road users
2017
International audience; High volumes of pedestrians, cyclists and other vulnerable road users (VRUs) have much higher casualty rates per mile; not surprising given their lack of protection from an accident. In order to alleviate the problem, sensing capabilities of smartphones can be used to detect, warn and safeguard these road users. In this research we propose an infrastructure-less fog-based architecture named PV-Alert (Pedestrian-Vehicle Alert) where fog nodes process delay sensitive data obtained from smartphones for alerting pedestrians and drivers before sending the data to the cloud for further analysis. Fog computing is considered in developing the architecture since it is an emer…
A Methodology for the Analysis of Memory Response to Radiation through Bitmap Superposition and Slicing
2015
A methodology is proposed for the statistical analysis of memory radiation test data, with the aim of identifying trends in the single-even upset (SEU) distribution. The treated case study is a 65nm SRAM irradiated with neutrons, protons and heavy-ions.
Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) Representation in Predictive Model Markup Language (PMML)
2017
International audience; This paper describes Gaussian process regression (GPR) models presented in predictive model markup language (PMML). PMML is an extensible-markup-language (XML) -based standard language used to represent data-mining and predictive analytic models, as well as pre- and post-processed data. The previous PMML version, PMML 4.2, did not provide capabilities for representing probabilistic (stochastic) machine-learning algorithms that are widely used for constructing predictive models taking the associated uncertainties into consideration. The newly released PMML version 4.3, which includes the GPR model, provides new features: confidence bounds and distribution for the pred…
Automated Uncertainty Quantification Through Information Fusion in Manufacturing Processes
2017
International audience; Evaluation of key performance indicators (KPIs) such as energy consumption is essential for decision-making during the design and operation of smart manufacturing systems. The measurements of KPIs are strongly affected by several uncertainty sources such as input material uncertainty, the inherent variability in the manufacturing process, model uncertainty, and the uncertainty in the sensor measurements of operational data. A comprehensive understanding of the uncertainty sources and their effect on the KPIs is required to make the manufacturing processes more efficient. Towards this objective, this paper proposed an automated methodology to generate a hierarchical B…
Breast Ultra-Sound image segmentation: an optimization approach based on super-pixels and high-level descriptors
2015
International audience; Breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Medical imaging has become an indispensable tool for its diagnosis and follow up. During the last decade, the medical community has promoted to incorporate Ultra-Sound (US) screening as part of the standard routine. The main reason for using US imaging is its capability to differentiate benign from malignant masses, when compared to other imaging techniques. The increasing usage of US imaging encourages the development of Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems applied to Breast Ultra-Sound (BUS) images. However accurate delineations of the lesions and structures of the b…
HDR-ARtiSt: A 1280x1024-pixel Adaptive Real-time Smart camera for High Dynamic Range video
2014
International audience; Standard cameras capture only a fraction of the information that is visible to the human visual system. This is specifically true for natural scenes including areas of low and high illumination due to transitions between sunlit and shaded areas. When capturing such a scene, many cameras are unable to store the full Dynamic Range (DR) resulting in low quality video where details are concealed in shadows or washed out by sunlight.The imaging technique that can overcome this problem is called HDR (High Dynamic Range) imaging. This paper describes a complete smart camera built around a standard off-the-shelf LDR (Low Dynamic Range) sensor and a Virtex 6 FPGA board. This …
An optimization approach to segment breast lesions in ultra-sound images using clinically validated visual cues
2015
International audience; As long as breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths among female population world wide, developing tools to assist radiologists during the diagnosis process is necessary. However, most of the technologies developed in the imaging laboratories are rarely integrated in this assessing process, as they are based on information cues differing from those used by clinicians. In order to grant Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems with these information cues when performing non-aided diagnosis, better segmentation strategies are needed to automatically produce accurate delineations of the breast structures. This paper proposes a highly modular and flexible f…
Modeling of solids
2022
This text is the support for the course of Modeling of Solids, of the Master of Mechanics of the University Paris-Saclay - Curriculum MMM: Mathematical Methods for Mechanics, held at Versailles. The course is the continuation of the course Continuum Mechanics - Solids, and as such it is an introduction, for graduate students, to some typical topics of the theory of solid bodies. The different arguments are dealt with in a simple, succinct way, the objective being to give to students the fundamentals of each argument. Only static problems are considered, being the dynamic of structures dealt with in other courses.