Search results for "Enteropathy"
showing 10 items of 12 documents
IL-10 signaling prevents gluten-dependent intraepithelial CD4(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration and epithelial damage in the small intestine
2019
Breach of tolerance to gluten leads to the chronic small intestinal enteropathy celiac disease. A key event in celiac disease development is gluten-dependent infiltration of activated cytotoxic intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), which cytolyze epithelial cells causing crypt hyperplasia and villous atrophy. The mechanisms leading to gluten-dependent small intestinal IEL infiltration and activation remain elusive. We have demonstrated that under homeostatic conditions in mice, gluten drives the differentiation of anti-inflammatory T cells producing large amounts of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Here we addressed whether this dominant IL-10 axis prevents gluten-depend…
Case Report: Primary Peritonitis as the Onset of Pediatric Ménétriers Disease
2021
Introduction: Primary peritonitis (PP) and Ménétrier's Disease (MD) are both rare conditions among pediatric population. Although about 150 MD cases have been described in the scientific literature to date, its onset with a PP is an unusual condition.Case Presentation: We present a case of an 11-year-old boy who was admitted to our unit because of abdominal pain and distension. Complementary tests showed ascites, bilateral pleural effusion, leukocytosis, increased acute phase reactants and hypoproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia. Laparoscopy ruled out appendicitis or visceral perforations and exposed purulent peritoneal fluid, compatible with PP. Biochemical stool analysis showed increased cle…
Serology in adults with celiac disease: limited accuracy in patients with mild histological lesions.
2010
Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-triggered enteropathy, presenting with insidious clinical patterns. It can occasionally be diagnosed in asymptomatic subjects. Our aim was to define the relationship among symptoms at diagnosis, serological markers [tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTGA), anti-endomysium antibodies (EMA) anti-actin antibodies (AAA)] and degree of mucosal damage. A total of 68 consecutive adult patients with CD were enrolled. Intestinal biopsies were scored according to the Marsh classification modified by Oberhuber: I–II minimal lesions or absent villous atrophy; IIIA partial villous atrophy; IIIB–C total villous atrophy (TVA). HLA-typing was done for all patients. No asso…
Low incidence but poor prognosis of complicated coeliac disease: A retrospective multicentre study.
2013
Abstract Background Coeliac disease is a chronic enteropathy characterized by an increased mortality caused by its complications, mainly refractory coeliac disease, small bowel carcinoma and abdominal lymphoma. Aim of the study was to study the epidemiology of complications in patients with coeliac disease. Methods Retrospective multicenter case–control study based on collection of clinical and laboratory data. The incidence of complicated coeliac disease was studied among coeliac patients directly diagnosed in four Italian centres. Patients referred to these centres after a diagnosis of coeliac disease and/or complicated coeliac disease in other hospitals were therefore excluded. Results B…
Antiinflammatory treatment and intestinal alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance in active Crohn's disease.
1985
Intestinal alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance was quantified in 17 patients with clinically active Crohn's disease before and after a six-week period of treatment with sulfasalazine and methylprednisolone. Before the study, alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance and, hence, enteric protein loss was elevated as being above control values in 16 patients. After therapy, clearance values decreased in 11 and were normalized in five patients. Serum albumin level was normalized in 11 of 12 patients who had hypoalbuminemia before the study. Clinical condition was improved in all but 1 patient after treatment. There was no close correlation between alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance and disease activity index. These r…
Melatonin protects rats from radiotherapy-induced small intestine toxicity
2017
Radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity is among the most prevalent dose-limiting toxicities following radiotherapy. Prevention of radiation enteropathy requires protection of the small intestine. However, despite the prevalence and burden of this pathology, there are currently no effective treatments for radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity, and this pathology remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the changes induced in the rat small intestine after external irradiation of the tongue, and to explore the potential radio-protective effects of melatonin gel. Male Wistar rats were subjected to irradiation of their tongues with an X-Ray YXLON Y.Tu 320-D03 irradiator, receiving a dose o…
Testing safety of germinated rye sourdough in a celiac disease model based on the adoptive transfer of prolamin-primed memory T cells into lymphopeni…
2014
The current treatment for celiac disease is strict gluten-free diet. Technical processing may render gluten-containing foods safe for consumption by celiac patients, but so far in vivo safety testing can only be performed on patients. We modified a celiac disease mouse model to test antigenicity and inflammatory effects of germinated rye sourdough, a food product characterized by extensive prolamin hydrolysis. Lymphopenic Rag1−/− or nude mice were injected with splenic CD4+CD62L−CD44high-memory T cells from gliadin- or secalin-immunized wild-type donor mice. We found that: 1) Rag1−/− recipients challenged with wheat or rye gluten lost more body weight and developed more severe histological…
A multicentre case control study on complicated coeliac disease: two different patterns of natural history, two different prognoses
2014
Background: Coeliac disease is a common enteropathy characterized by an increased mortality mainly due to its complications. The natural history of complicated coeliac disease is characterised by two different types of course: patients with a new diagnosis of coeliac disease that do not improve despite a strict gluten-free diet (type A cases) and previously diagnosed coeliac patients that initially improved on a gluten-free diet but then relapsed despite a strict diet (type B cases). Our aim was to study the prognosis and survival of A and B cases. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data from coeliac patients who later developed complications (A and B cases) and sex- and age-matched coeliac p…
Cadmium-Induced Enteropathy in Domestic Cocks: A Biochemical and Histological Study after Subchronic Exposure
2007
The biochemical and histological sequelae resulting from a diet containing 50.20 mg cadmium/kg were studied in Lohmann brown cockerels from hatching until 30 days of age. The additional cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) to the diet induced the formation of lipid peroxides, which via a chain reaction led to accumulation of malondialdehyde in intestinal mucosa. At the end of the study (after 30 days of cadmium exposure) total protein and metallothionein levels in the intestinal mucosa and the relative ileal and duodenal weight increased. Histological data show that CdCl(2) causes an increase in number of goblet cells and granular lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa. Down-regulation of the serotonin…
P609 New and old criteria for diagnosing celiac disease
2019
Background CD is an immune-mediated systemic disease elicited by gluten and related prolamines, it affects genetically susceptible individuals and it is characterized by the presence of gluten-dependent clinical manifestations, CD-specific antibodies, HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 haplotypes and enteropathy. According to the guidelines published by ESPGHAN in 2012, it is possible to diagnose celiac disease without intestinal biopsy, in symptomatic children and adolescents with very high levels of transglutaminases type-2 antibodies and positive HLA DQ2/DQ8. Aims The aim of our study is to analyse two groups of patients: one in which diagnosis was based on the new ESPGHAN criteria, and another based on…