Search results for "Environment"

¿ Será mejor la salud pública tras la COVID-19?

2021

Pathogenesis and clinical relevance of bone marrow embolism in medullary nailing — demonstrated by intraoperative echocardiography

1993

Abstract For the clarification of pulmonary impairment after medullary nailing of femoral fractures, the intramedullary pressure in the femoral cavity during the operative procedure was investigated. In addition, an intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography was performed which revealed two phenomena occurring once the intramedullary pressure had increased: snow-flurry and configured emboli. An experimental study in sheep was performed in order to define the substrata of the sonographic echoes. The level of intrafemoral pressure which would result in bone marrow intravasation and the substrata of the echocardiographic echoes were studied in sheep by applying pressure to the femoral ca…

Effects of endocrine disruptors on genes associated with 17 beta-estradiol metabolism and excretion

2008

International audience; In order to provide a global analysis of the effects of endocrine disruptors on the hormone cellular bioavailability, we combined 17 beta-estradiol (E2) cellular flow studies with real-time PCR and Western blot expression measurements of genes involved in the hormone metabolism and excretion. Three endocrine disruptors commonly found in food were chosen for this study, which was conducted in the estrogen receptor (ER) negative hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell line: bisphenol A (BPA), genistein (GEN) and resveratrol (RES). We showed that 24h after a single dose treatment with genistein, resveratrol or bisphenol A, the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters (the mult…

Guía de práctica clínica del síndrome del intestino irritable con estreñimiento y estreñimiento funcional en adultos: tratamiento. (Parte 2 de 2)

2017

En esta Guía de práctica clínica analizamos el manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico de pacientes adultos con estreñimiento y molestias abdominales, bajo la confluencia del espectro del síndrome del intestino irritable y el estreñimiento funcional. Ambas patologías están encuadradas en los trastornos funcionales intestinales y tienen una importante repercusión personal, sanitaria y social, afectando a la calidad de vida de los pacientes que las padecen. La primera es el subtipo de síndrome del intestino irritable en el que el estreñimiento es la alteración deposicional predominante junto con dolor abdominal recurrente, hinchazón y distensión abdominal frecuente. El estreñimiento se caracteriza p…

Translating cross-lagged effects into incidence rates and risk ratios: The case of psychosocial safety climate and depression

2017

Longitudinal studies are the gold standard of empirical work and stress research whenever experiments are not plausible. Frequently, scales are used to assess risk factors and their consequences, and cross-lagged effects are estimated to determine possible risks. Methods to translate cross-lagged effects into risk ratios to facilitate risk assessment do not yet exist, which creates a divide between psychological and epidemiological work stress research. The aim of the present paper is to demonstrate how cross-lagged effects can be used to assess the risk ratio of different levels of psychosocial safety climate (PSC) in organisations, an important psychosocial risk for the development of dep…

Predicting mortality with cardiac troponins: recent insights from meta-analyses.

2019

Abstract The introduction of cardiac troponin (cTn) testing in clinical practice has been one of the most important breakthroughs that have occurred in the recent history of laboratory medicine. Although it is now uncontestable that cTn values are essential for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome (ACS), solid evidence is also emerging that assessment of either cardiac troponin I (cTnI) or T (cTnT) may provide valuable prognostic information in the general healthy population, as well as in patients with a vast array of cardiac and extra-cardiac diseases. We have hence performed a critical review of the scientific literature for identifying meta-analyses which have investigated the potential c…

Assessing vaccine efficacy for the prevention of acute otitis media by pneumococcal vaccination in children: a methodological overview of statistical…

2006

Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common bacterial infectious disease among children. Vaccination is proposed to prevent otitis and several clinical trials were performed to assess the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccines. The way vaccine efficacy is analysed varies among trials. However, the clinical meaning of an estimate of vaccine effect and its statistical test depends on the applied statistical method. We aim to bring the meaning and validity of statistical trial results to the attention of researchers. We consider all methodological approaches for analysing vaccine efficacy applied in pneumococcal vaccination trials included in a recent Cochrane Review. We demonstrate how different m…

Contribution of parental and school personnel smoking to health risk behaviours among Finnish adolescents.

2009

Abstract Background This study compared parental smoking with school personnel smoking in relation to adolescents' smoking behaviours, alcohol use, and illicit drug use. Methods A cross-sectional survey for 24,379 adolescents was linked to a survey for 1946 school employees in 136 Finnish schools in 2004-2005. Surveys included smoking prevalence reported by school staff, adolescents' reports of school staff and parental smoking, adolescents' own smoking behaviours, alcohol use, and illicit drug use. Multilevel analyses were adjusted for individual and school-level confounding factors. Results Parental smoking was associated with all health risk behaviours among both sexes (risk range 1.39 t…

Study protocol: the Norwegian Triple-S Cohort Study - establishing a longitudinal health survey of children and adolescents with experiences of maltr…

2021

Abstract Background Child maltreatment is prevalent and associated with both short- and long-term health problems. Previous studies have established child maltreatment as a risk factor for a wide range of problems over the life course such as mental- and somatic health problems, self-harm, alcohol- and drug abuse and decreased work-life participation. Still, there are few large and well-conducted longitudinal studies focusing on describing prevalence and identifying risk factors and long-term consequences of child maltreatment. The purpose of the current study is to recruit a large number of children and adolescents exposed to maltreatment and follow them long-term. Methods/design The curre…

Need for Orthodontic Treatment in Pupils Aged between 12 and 15 in the Valencian Region (Spain)

2021

The World Health Organization recommends carrying out periodic epidemiological studies in order to provide a basis for the evaluation of the state of health of the population at any given time