Search results for "Equilibrium"

showing 10 items of 1021 documents

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium for ternary mixtures of ethanol and methylcyclohexane with 3-methylpentane and tert-butyl alcohol at 101.3kPa

2007

Abstract Consistent vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the ternary systems 3-methylpentane + ethanol + methylcyclohexane and ethanol + tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) + methylcyclohexane are reported at 101.3 kPa. The VLE data have been correlated by Wilson, UNIQUAC and NRTL equations. The ternary systems do not present azeotrope and are well predicted from binary interaction parameters.

UNIQUACtert-Butyl alcoholChemistryGeneral Chemical EngineeringGeneral Physics and AstronomyThermodynamicschemistry.chemical_compoundAzeotropeNon-random two-liquid modelVapor–liquid equilibriumOrganic chemistryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryMethylcyclohexaneTernary operation3-MethylpentaneFluid Phase Equilibria
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PSMA6 (rs2277460, rs1048990), PSMC6 (rs2295826, rs2295827) and PSMA3 (rs2348071) genetic diversity in Latvians, Lithuanians and Taiwanese

2014

PSMA6 (rs2277460, rs1048990), PSMC6 (rs2295826, rs2295827) and PSMA3 (rs2348071) genetic diversity was investigated in 1438 unrelated subjects from Latvia, Lithuania and Taiwan. In general, polymorphism of each individual locus showed tendencies similar to determined previously in HapMap populations. Main differences concern Taiwanese and include presence of rs2277460 rare allele A not found before in Asians and absence of rs2295827 rare alleles homozygotes TT observed in all other human populations. Observed patterns of SNPs and haplotype diversity were compatible with expectation of neutral model of evolution. Linkage disequilibrium between the rs2295826 and rs2295827 was detected to be c…

UPS ubiquitin–proteasome systemLinkage disequilibriumTF transcription factorLD linkage disequilibriumPopulationSNPLocus (genetics)Single-nucleotide polymorphismBiologyArticleHapMap JPT JapaneseGenetic diversityHuman populationTW Taiwanese populationLT Lithuanian populationGeneticsInternational HapMap ProjectAlleleeducationHapMap-CEU NorthWestern EuropeansGenetics (clinical)Geneticseducation.field_of_studyGenetic diversityProteasomeHapMap HCB Han ChineseHWE Hardy–Weinberg equilibriumHaplotypePSMC6LV Latvian populationT2DM type 2 diabetes mellitusPSMA6SNP single nucleotide polymorphismTFBS transcription factor binding sitePSMA3Meta Gene
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Agglomeration without trade: how non-traded goods shape the space-economy

2004

Abstract We develop a spatial general equilibrium model in which the absence of interregional trade is an endogenous outcome. Extending the model developed by Ottaviano, Tabuchi, and Thisse (Int. Econ. Rev. 43 (2002) 409), we show that equilibria without trade differ significantly from those obtained in the presence of trade, which suggests that the presence of non-traded goods has a significant impact on spatial structures. Somewhat surprisingly, equilibrium structures without trade are richer than those with trade because partial agglomeration becomes a feasible outcome. Equilibria now depend on the ratio of mobile to immobile factors and an increase in that ratio triggers a process of sp…

Urban StudiesMicroeconomicsEconomics and EconometricsMonopolistic competitionGeneral equilibrium theoryEconomies of agglomerationEconomicsSpace (commercial competition)Outcome (game theory)Journal of Urban Economics
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Method and analysis in Piero Sraffa's 1925 critique of Marshallian economics

2000

This paper provides an analysis of the logical structure and analytical content of Piero Sraffa's 1925 Italian paper, ‘Sulle relazioni fra costo e quantita prodotta’. It shows that Sraffa's criticism of the supply side of Marshall's theory of value in a competitive partial equilibrium model involves analytical and methodological issues. Endorsing an agressive methodology Sraffa logically reconstructs Marshall's model on variable returns to determine its empirical domain. He demonstrates that the latter encompasses only the empirically irrelevant cases of specific factor industries and specific external economies industries and that it cannot be generalized to non-specific factor industries …

Value theoryVariable (computer science)History and Philosophy of ScienceSettore SECS-P/04 - Storia Del Pensiero EconomicoGeneral Arts and HumanitiesPartial equilibriumEconomics Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)EconomicsCriticismSupply sideNeoclassical economicsMarshallian economics perfect competition laws of returnsMathematical economics
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Soft variable structure controller design for singular systems

2015

Abstract A novel soft variable structure control (SVSC) scheme is addressed for a class of singular systems under I-controllable in this paper. The structural features of SVSC with differential equations are investigated. The stability of singular systems based on SVSC scheme is guaranteed by an equivalent characterization theory, and then a soft variable structure controller is designed. The concrete algorithm of SVSC with differential equations is proposed. The developed SVSC law for singular systems is carried out for the purpose of achieving rapid regulative rate, and shortening arrival time. Moreover, system chattering can be attenuated in the process of approaching to the equilibrium …

Variable structure controlVariable (computer science)Computer Networks and CommunicationsControl and Systems EngineeringControl theoryThermodynamic equilibriumDifferential equationApplied MathematicsSignal ProcessingStructure (category theory)Process (computing)Stability (probability)MathematicsJournal of the Franklin Institute
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Generalized Quasi-Variational Inequalities and Traffic Equilibrium Problem

1995

The model that expresses the traffic equilibrium problem in terms of Quasi-Variational Inequalities is improved taking into account that: i) the cost function may be discontinuous; ii) the cost function may be considered as a multifunction. Existence theorems in such directions are given with examples and considerations, based on a direct computational method, that justify this approach.

Variational inequalityApplied mathematicsFunction (mathematics)Traffic equilibriumMathematics
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Vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms in ovarian cancer

2007

Abstract Background. Polymorphisms within the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene, the most important regulator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability, were shown to be independently associated with an impaired prognosis in various malignancies. No data have been reported in ovarian cancer. Methods. In the present multi-center study, we examined three common polymorphisms within the VEGF gene ( VEGF +405G/C, VEGF −460C/T, and VEGF +936C/T) in 553 Caucasian patients with ovarian cancer using pyrosequencing. Results. The three investigated polymorphisms did not correlate with any of the investigated clinico-pathological parameters. In univariate and multivariate models, only FIG…

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor AGenotypeAngiogenesisVEGF receptorsRegulatorVascular permeabilityLinkage Disequilibriumchemistry.chemical_compoundHumansMedicineGeneAgedNeoplasm StagingOvarian NeoplasmsPolymorphism GeneticNeovascularization Pathologicbiologybusiness.industryHaplotypeObstetrics and GynecologyMiddle AgedPrognosismedicine.diseaseVascular endothelial growth factorOncologychemistryCancer researchbiology.proteinFemalebusinessOvarian cancerGynecologic Oncology
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Common genetic variation of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene strongly predicts future cardiovascular death in patients with coronary arter…

2003

OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the association between cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) genotypes and the risk of future cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of the CETP gene influence CETP activity and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration and might affect the long-term prognosis and response to statin therapy in patients with CAD. METHODS We used serum samples and deoxyribonucleic acid collected at baseline from a prospective cohort of 1,211 patients with CAD prospectively followed up (median follow-up of 4.1 years), 82 of whom experienced a fatal cardiovascular event. The CETP/C-629A and I405V poly…

Very low-density lipoproteinLinkage disequilibriummedicine.medical_specialtybiologyCholesterolbusiness.industrymedicine.diseaseCoronary artery diseasecarbohydrates (lipids)chemistry.chemical_compoundEndocrinologychemistryInternal medicineCholesterylester transfer proteinmedicinebiology.proteinlipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Prospective cohort studybusinessCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineSurvival analysisLipoproteinJournal of the American College of Cardiology
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Travelling Strings, Beams, Panels, Membranes and Plates

2013

In this chapter, we will introduce in a general manner some of the most common models for axially travelling materials, which will be used in the rest of the book. We will introduce the linear models of travelling strings, panels, and plates. It will be assumed that the material is thin, i.e. its planar dimensions are much larger than its thickness. We will work in the small displacement regime, that is, with linear models approximating the behaviour of the system near the trivial equilibrium. As is well known in the theory of elasticity, this approximation allows for a decoupling of the in-plane and out-of-plane components in the dynamics of the system. We will concentrate on small out-of-…

VibrationPhysicsTransverse planeClassical mechanicsPlanarTrivial equilibriumLinear modelFlexural rigidityDecoupling (cosmology)Axial symmetry
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Geochemistry and isotope composition (Sr, Pb, δ66Zn) of Vulcano fumaroles (Aeolian Islands, Italy)

2018

We present and discuss temperatures, major and trace element gas geochemistry, radiogenic isotopes (Pb, Sr) and the first Zn isotope data of fumarole condensates and altered rocks from the Vulcano fumarolic field. The fumaroles of the La Fossa cone, sampled on 5th May 2015, have temperatures ranging between 233 and 427 °C. They plot compositionally on the mixing trend between the magmatic and hydrothermal end-members defined by previous studies, but are strongly displaced towards the hydrothermal component. Correlations of radiogenic (Sr, Pb) and stable isotopes of Zn with δ13CCO2 and several trace elements of the fumarolic acid condensates support mixing between the above mentioned distinc…

Volcanic gase010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesVulcano IslandGeochemistryFumarole010502 geochemistry & geophysics01 natural sciencesHydrothermal circulationRadiogenic isotopeGeochemistry and Petrologyddc:550Volcanic gasesRadiogenic isotopes0105 earth and related environmental sciencesZinc isotopegeographygeography.geographical_feature_categoryRadiogenic nuclideIsotopeStable isotope ratioTrace elementGeologyFumarolesAeolian IslandFumaroleEquilibrium fractionationAeolian IslandsVolcanic rockGeochemistryZinc isotopesGeology
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