Search results for "Estro."
showing 10 items of 770 documents
Direct antioxidant and protective effect of estradiol on isolated mitochondria
2009
AbstractEstrogens have antioxidant properties which are due to their ability to bind to estrogen receptors and to up-regulate the expression of antioxidant enzymes via intracellular signalling pathways. Mitochondria are key organelles in the development of age-associated cellular damage. Recently, estrogen receptors were identified in mitochondria. The aim of this paper was to test whether estradiol directly affects mitochondria by preventing oxidative stress and protecting frail mitochondria. Incubation with estradiol at normal intracellular concentrations prevents the formation of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria in a saturable manner. Moreover, estradiol protects mitochondrial int…
Women Live Longer than Men: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms Offers Opportunities to Intervene by Using Estrogenic Compounds
2010
Abstract Women live longer than men. Moreover, females live longer than males in some, but not all, experimental animals. The differences in longevity between genders are related to free radical production. Indeed, females produce less radicals only in animal species in which they live longer than males. This is because estrogens upregulate antioxidant longevity-related genes. These considerations have led us to postulate an extended concept of antioxidant in biology: an antioxidant is any nutritional, physiological, or pharmacological manipulation that increases the expression and activity of antioxidant genes or proteins. Phytoestrogens or other selective estrogen receptor modulators lowe…
Effect of gender on mitochondrial toxicity of Alzheimer's Abeta peptide.
2007
The aim of this article is to review the role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, the effect of gender on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved will be discussed. Mitochondria, in the presence of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta peptide, increase the formation of reactive oxygen species which act both as damaging agents and also as signaling molecules. These radicals, in fact, unleash a mechanism involving the liberation of cytochrome c that leads to neuronal apoptosis. Notably, young females appear protected against the mitochondrial toxicity of amyloid-beta, likely due to the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes wh…
Dietary soy isoflavone induced increases in antioxidant and eNOS gene expression lead to improved endothelial function and reduced blood pressure in …
2005
Epidemiological evidence suggests that populations consuming large amounts of soy protein have a reduced incidence of coronary heart disease (1-5). The cardiovascular risks associated with conventional hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women (5-7) have precipitated a search for alternative estrogen receptor modulators. Here we report that long-term feeding of rats with a soy protein-rich (SP) diet during gestation and adult life results in decreased oxidative stress, improved endothelial function, and reduced blood pressure in vivo measured by radiotelemetry in aged male offspring. Improved vascular reactivity in animals fed an SP diet was paralleled by increased mitochondrial g…
Association of estrogen receptor α gene with Alzheimer's disease: A case-control study
2006
Abstract Recent experimental data have offered the biological background to study the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha gene as a candidate gene for AD. Genetic association studies proposed ERalpha PvuII and XbaI gene polymorphisms as susceptibility factors for AD, although subsequent studies did not replicate this finding. To verify this association in a Caucasian Italian sample, we conducted a case-control study in a dataset of 172 clinic-based probable AD cases and 172 age- and sex-matched controls. Possible interaction between ERalpha polymorphisms and sex, age at onset of AD or apolipoprotein E (APOE) was examined. The xx-genotype of the XbaI polymorphism was associated with the risk of dev…
Trends in net survival from stomach cancer in six European Latin countries: results from the SUDCAN population-based study
2016
IF 2.415; International audience; Gastric cancers are a clinical challenge. The aim of the SUDCAN collaborative study was to compare the net survival from gastric cancer between six European Latin countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland) and explore the trends in net survival and in the dynamics of the excess mortality rates (EMRs) up to 5 years after diagnosis. The data were extracted from the EUROCARE-5 database. First, net survival was studied over the period 2000-2004 using the Pohar-Perme estimator. For trend analyses, the study period was specific to each country. The results are reported from 1992 to 2004 in France, Italy, Spain and Switzerland and from 200…
Activity and immunohistochemistry of DT-diaphorase in hamster and human kidney tumours.
1994
We have studied the biochemical and immunohistochemical changes of DT-diaphorase in diethylstilbestrol (DES)-induced hamster kidney tumours and human biopsies from normal kidneys and renal clear cell carcinoma. The activities of primary and secondary antioxidants in these hamster and human tissues are also reported. DT-diaphorase is decreased in the different subcellular fractions of hamster and human tissues. In hamster kidney the activities of the one-electron quinone reductases show a nearly two-fold increase. Immunohistochemical findings confirm the decrease in DT-diaphorase in hamster and human tissues. This image is of special interest in the case of nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumour), si…
Prospective randomised trial of two dose levels of megestrol acetate in the management of anorexia-cachexia syndrome in patients with metastatic canc…
1996
Two doses of megestrol acetate (MA) have been prospectively compared in a random fashion as treatment for cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome (ACS) in 122 patients with progressive soft tissue sarcoma, colorectal, lung, head and neck and renal cancer resistant to systemic chemotherapy. After 30 days of MA, 55% of patients receiving MA at 160 mg day-1 reported an increase in appetite, 27% of patients no variation and 18% complained of a decrease in appetite. Patients treated with MA at 320 mg day-1 reported an increase in appetite in 68% of cases, a stabilisation in 20% of cases and a decrease in 12%. Although an increase in appetite was more frequently observed in patients receiving M…
The levels of quinone reductases, superoxide dismutase and glutathione-related enzymatic activities in diethylstilbestrol-induced carcinogenesis in t…
1990
The level of quinone oxidoreductases (microsomal and cytosolic DT-diaphorase, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase), superoxide dismutase and glutathione-related enzymatic activities in diethylstilbestrol (DES)-induced carcinogenesis in kidney from Syrian golden hamsters are presented. Animals that exhibited two different stages of DES-induced carcinogenesis in kidney--pre- and neoplastic lesions and tumorous lesions (after 6 and 8 months of continuous exposure to DES respectively)--were studied in comparison to kidneys from control animals. A dramatic decrease in microsomal and cytosolic DT-diaphorase activities (13.6 and 37.8% of controls), as well as in glutat…
The Aromatase Gene CYP19A1: Several Genetic and Functional Lines of Evidence Supporting a Role in Reading, Speech and Language
2012
Inspired by the localization, on 15q21.2 of the CYP19A1 gene in the linkage region of speech and language disorders, and a rare translocation in a dyslexic individual that was brought to our attention, we conducted a series of studies on the properties of CYP19A1 as a candidate gene for dyslexia and related conditions. The aromatase enzyme is a member of the cytochrome P450 super family, and it serves several key functions: it catalyzes the conversion of androgens into estrogens; during early mammalian development it controls the differentiation of specific brain areas (e.g. local estrogen synthesis in the hippocampus regulates synaptic plasticity and axonal growth); it is involved in sexua…