Search results for "Estrogen"

Part of the Series: From Dietary Antioxidants to Regulators in Cellular Signalling and Gene ExpressionRole of reactive oxygen species and (phyto)oest…

2006

There is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only toxic but play an important role in cellular signalling and in the regulation of gene expression. We, here, discuss two examples of improved adaptive response to an altered cellular redox state. First, differences in longevity between males and females may be explained by a higher expression of antioxidant enzymes in females resulting in a lower yield of mitochondrial ROS. Oestrogens are made responsible for these phenomena. Oestradiol induces glutathione peroxidase-1 and MnSOD by processes requiring the cell surface oestrogen receptor (ER) and the activation of pathways usually involved in oxidative stress respons…

Organophosphate ester tri-o-cresyl phosphate interacts with estrogen receptor α in MCF-7 breast cancer cells promoting cancer growth

2020

Plastic in the ocean degrades to microplastic, thereby enhancing the leaching of incorporated plasticizers due to the increased particle surface. The uptake of microplastic-derived plasticizers by marine animals and the subsequent entry in the food chain raises concerns for adverse health effects in human beings. Frequently used plasticizers as the organophosphate ester tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) are known to affect the male reproductive system. However, the overall endocrine potential of TOCP and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive as yet. In this study, we investigated the molecular effects of TOCP on estrogen receptor α (ERα)-transfected HEK-ESR1 cells and the human bre…

Nitrosoureas Modes of Action and Perspectives in the Use of Hormone Receptor Affine Carrier Molecules

1989

Mechanisms of DNA adduct formation by antineoplastic 2-chloroethyl-N-nitrosoureas (CNUs) and of DNA damage induced by these compounds are discussed. CNUs are alkylating agents that form DNA-DNA cross-links as well as 2-chloroethylated and 2-hydroxyethylated adducts, the N-7-position of guanine being the predominantly alkylated site. A close correlation exists between the potential of a given compound to induce DNA-DNA cross-links and its antineoplastic effectiveness. However, levels of DNA-DNA cross-linking in bone marrow and extent of myelosuppression as measured in rodents are also closely correlated. The design of new cross-linking analogues capable of directing the antineoplastically re…

Multiple Estrogen Function in Human Prostate Cancer Cells

1996

Why Women Have More Alzheimer's Disease Than Men: Gender and Mitochondrial Toxicity of Amyloid-β Peptide

2010

The main risk factors for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) are age and gender. The incidence of the disease is higher in women than in men, and this cannot simply be attributed to the higher longevity of women versus men. Thus, there must be a specific pathogenic mechanism to explain the higher incidence of AD cases in women. In this regard, it is notable that mitochondria from young females are protected against amyloid-beta toxicity, generate less reactive oxygen species, and release less apoptogenic signals than those from males. However, all this advantage is lost in mitochondria from old females. Since estrogenic compounds protect against mitochondrial toxicity of amyloid-beta, estr…

Steroid hormone receptor analysis in human melanoma and non-malignant human skin

1982

Sex hormones and risk of liver tumor.

2007

The liver is morphologically and functionally modulated by sex hormones. Long-term use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) can induce both benign (hemangioma, adenoma, and focal nodular hyperplasia [FNH]) and malignant (hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) hepatocellular tumors. Hepatic adenomas (HAs) are rare, benign neoplasms usually occurring in young women, the development and the complications of which have been related to the strength of OCs and the duration of their use. HA incidence has fallen since the introduction of pills containing smaller amounts of estrogens. FNH is a benign lesion, most commonly seen in young women, which is thought to represent a …

Oral homeostasis disruption by medical plasticizer component bisphenol A in adult male rats.

2013

Objectives/Hypothesis Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic estrogen-like chemical mimetic widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins found in numerous consumer products including food packaging, medical devices, and dental sealants. Because it is recovered in fluids and it can reach high levels in saliva, this study aimed to evaluate its safety on oral homeostasis by examining its effects on salivary glands, mouth epithelium, water consumption, and salt preference, each parameter being estrogen sensitive. Study Design Randomized controlled trial involving rats. Methods A dose-response study was conducted in adult Wistar rats randomized into five groups (n = 12). B…

Relaxant Effects of the Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator, Bazedoxifene, and Estrogen Receptor Agonists in Isolated Rabbit Basilar Artery

2016

We have previously shown that the selective estrogen receptor modulator, bazedoxifene, improves the consequences of ischemic stroke. Now we aimed to characterize the effects and mechanisms of action of bazedoxifene in cerebral arteries. Male rabbit isolated basilar arteries were used for isometric tension recording and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Bazedoxifene relaxed cerebral arteries, as 17-β-estradiol, 4,4',4″-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol [estrogen receptor (ER) α agonist], and G1 [G protein-coupled ER (GPER) agonist] did it (4,4',4″-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol > bazedoxifene = G1 > 17-β-estradiol). 2,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (E…

Estrogens inhibit angiotensin II-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vivo via rapid endothelial nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygena…

2002

Angiotensin II (Ang II) may be a key molecule in the development of atherosclerosis. Because the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis in premenopausal women is lower than that observed in men or postmenopausal women, we have investigated the effect of estrogens on Ang II–induced leukocyte recruitment in vivo using intravital microscopy in the rat mesenteric microcirculation. Superfusion for 60 minutes with Ang II induced a significant increase in leukocyte rolling flux, adhesion, and emigration. Administration of 17-β-estradiol (17-β-E) after 30 minutes of Ang II superfusion produced a reduction of these leukocyte responses by 55.1%, 72.7%, and 70.9%, respectively, an additional 30 minutes…