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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Part of the Series: From Dietary Antioxidants to Regulators in Cellular Signalling and Gene ExpressionRole of reactive oxygen species and (phyto)oestrogens in the modulation of adaptive response to stress

Consuelo BorrásMa Carmen Gómez-cabreraJose ViñaWilliam C. Orr

subject

MaleMitochondrial ROSAgingAntioxidantmedicine.medical_treatmentGene ExpressionPhytoestrogensmedicine.disease_causeBiochemistryAntioxidantsSuperoxide dismutasechemistry.chemical_compoundGlutathione Peroxidase GPX1medicineAnimalsHumansRegulation of gene expressionchemistry.chemical_classificationGlutathione PeroxidaseReactive oxygen speciesEstradiolbiologySuperoxide DismutaseGeneral MedicineGlutathioneCatalaseRatsOxidative StressReceptors EstrogenBiochemistrychemistryCatalaseDietary Supplementsbiology.proteinFemaleReactive Oxygen SpeciesOxidation-ReductionOxidative stressSignal Transduction

description

There is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only toxic but play an important role in cellular signalling and in the regulation of gene expression. We, here, discuss two examples of improved adaptive response to an altered cellular redox state. First, differences in longevity between males and females may be explained by a higher expression of antioxidant enzymes in females resulting in a lower yield of mitochondrial ROS. Oestrogens are made responsible for these phenomena. Oestradiol induces glutathione peroxidase-1 and MnSOD by processes requiring the cell surface oestrogen receptor (ER) and the activation of pathways usually involved in oxidative stress response. Second, oxygen radicals produced during moderate exercise as performed during training up-regulate the expression of antioxidant enzymes in muscle cells. An increased level of these enzymes might prevent oxidative damage during exhaustive exercise and should, therefore, not be prevented by antioxidants. The relevance of these findings is discussed in the context with observations made in transgenic animals overexpressing MnSOD or catalase.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10715760500405778