Search results for "Ethics"

Ética de las biotecnologías

2002

El poder que la Nueva Genética ha puesto en manos de los seres humanos requiere una ética desde la que sea posible tomar decisiones en cuestiones de manipulación genética. El trabajo se propone (1) situar la ética de las biotecnologías en el conjunto de la bioética, (2) señalar los distintos ámbitos de la Nueva Genética que plantean problemas éticos, reconociendo que cada uno de ellos requiere un tratamiento específico, (3) esbozar un marco ético desde el que orientar las respuestas, un marco elaborado desde la ética kantiana, el enfoque de las capacidades de Sen, la ética del discurso y el principio responsabilidad de Jonas, y (4) abordar la cuestión tal vez más candente en el ámbito ético…

Conclusion: Discourses and Dreams on Becoming

2019

The contents in the chapters in this book have shown how ECEC institutions are both globally linked and locally constructed within networks of powers, discourses, philosophies, paradoxes and practices. The kinds of ‘becoming(s)’ that arise for these young children as a consequence are different – in an increasingly globalised world, we think, these are of great significance in thinking about the present and future realities that are posed accordingly. Thus, with this concluding chapter, we seek to address existing and future challenges, dreams and opportunities in contemplation of a future that we can only imagine, in consideration of the practices and discourses that structure becoming(s) …

Having the Final Say: Machine Support of Ethical Decisions of Doctors

2014

Machines that support highly complex decisions of doctors have been a reality for almost half a century. In the 1950s, computer-supported medical diagnostic systems started with “punched cards in a shoe box”. In the 1960s and 1970s medicine was, to a certain extent, transformed into a quantitative science by intensive interdisciplinary research collaborations of experts from medicine, mathematics and electrical engineering; This was followed by a second shift in research on machine support of medical decisions from numerical probabilistic to knowledge based approaches. Solutions of the later form came to be known as (medical) expert systems, knowledge based systems research or Artificial In…

The Principle of Stasis: Why drift is not a Zero-Cause Law

2016

This paper analyses the structure of evolutionary theory as a quasi-Newtonian theory and the need to establish a Zero-Cause Law. Several authors have postulated that the special character of drift is because it is the default behaviour or Zero-Cause Law of evolutionary systems, where change and not stasis is the normal state of them. For these authors, drift would be a Zero-Cause Law, the default behaviour and therefore a constituent assumption impossible to change without changing the system. I defend that drift's causal and explanatory power prevents it from being considered as a Zero-Cause Law. Instead, I propose that the default behaviour of evolutionary systems is what I call the Princ…

2021

Abstract New digital technologies and tools, together with evolving open physical and digital infrastructures, are remodelling science and innovation practices at universities and challenging their existing cultures, cognitive norms, missions, and policies. The purpose of this empirical study was to understand how existing and recently adopted open science practices and the underlying principles and attitudes of research teams support the advancement of knowledge and the development of actions, solutions, and technologies for sustainable development. The results of this study provide novel insights and important suggestions to guide the advancement of open science and innovation policies at…

Frankfurtian Reflections: A Critical Discussion of Robert Lockie’s “Three Recent Frankfurt Cases”

2016

In a recent article, Robert Lockie brings about a critical examination of three Frankfurtstyle cases designed by David Widerker and Derk Pereboom. His conclusion is that these cases do not refute either the Principle of Alternative Possibilities (PAP) or some cognate leeway principle for moral responsibility. Though I take the conclusion to be true, I contend that Lockie's arguments do not succeed in showing it. I concentrate on Pereboom's Tax Evasion 2 . After presenting Pereboom's example and analyzing its structure, I distinguish two strategies of Lockie's to defend PAP against it, which I call 'No True Alternative Decision' (NTAD) and 'No Responsibility' (NR), respectively. According to…

Feeding, cooking, sharing : a brief social history of food

2020

This work addresses the food system as a complex structure connected to the environment, like a living organism. It uses the contributions from multiple fields (including anthropology, nutritional, medicine, and economics) to establish connections between analytically disparate fields in order to highlight their transformations over time and space. It also studies social organisation over millions of years to understand the synergy between the environment, extraction technologies, economic and political structures, and the resulting cooking environments (each with their own social construction of tastes) as conditioning factors for sickness and death. In short, it delves into the anthropolo…

Conceptual evaluation of methods for engineering situational ISD methods

2006

In the past decades a large variety of techniques and methods have been introduced for software engineering (SE) and information system development (ISD). Despite this plurality, there is a need in organizations and projects to customize methods that match with their specific needs. Method engineering (ME) is the process by which a situational method is developed, customized and configured. ME work has appeared to be difficult and burdensome to carry out in practice. One reason for this is a lack of adequate methodical support. In this article, we profile and evaluate conceptually, using a contextual framework as a basis, seven comprehensive ME artifacts (i.e. techniques, procedures and met…

Analysis of Word Problems in Primary Education Mathematics Textbooks in Spain

2021

A textbook constitutes the hegemonic material of the educational institution. It acts as a mediator between the official curriculum and the educational practice. Given its potential influence in the classroom, this study analyzes the treatment of word problems included in the mathematics textbooks published by the publishing houses with the greatest diffusion in Spain at every primary education grade. Three variables were analyzed: their semantic structure, their degree of challenge, and their situational context. The results indicate that most of the problems included in textbooks are characterized by low complexity and variability regarding their semantic structure. They are also characte…

Liturgical literacy as hidden capital : Experiences from Qur’an education in Sweden

2019

This article focuses on a form of supplementary Islamic education that centres on Qur’an studies and examines the reported experiences of Muslim students that regularly shift between this and their mainstream secular school. Its aim is to better comprehend the dialectical interplay between this type of supplementary education and mainstream secular schooling. Within this framework, the article explores how the traditional way of reading, reciting, and memorizing the Qur’an might relate to the type of teaching and learning that occurs within mainstream public schools. It also explores the possibility of a secular bias within the Swedish school system, the contribution of Qur’an studies to ma…