Search results for "Evidence"
showing 10 items of 1050 documents
64 The fact that ‘the scandal of poor medical research’ by douglas altman (1994) largely holds true today insinuates the persistent conduct and disse…
2019
The objective of this submission is to describe four additional suggestions to alleviate issues around the quality of research and publications. Currently, positive results are twice as likely to be published as negative results. Advocating the publication of negative findings too would beseech individuals to report true findings and be less tempted to fabricate data. Moreover, negative findings help expedite the process of uncovering positive results and is supported by ‘Missing pieces’ by PLOS ONE and the journal ‘Negative results’. However, their negligible impact factor and low profile may dissuade researchers from exhibiting their work here. It can be challenging for new journals to co…
Is the p-Value a Suitable Basis for the Construction of Measures of Evidence? Comment on “The Role of p-Values in Judging the Strength of Evidence an…
2020
Dr. Gibson has to be congratulated for having enriched the wealth of articles written in response to the ASA statement on p-values of 2016 by a valuable and thoughtful contribution. We particularly...
Assessing the quality of studies in meta-research: Review/guidelines on the most important quality assessment tools
2020
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses pool data from individual studies to generate a higher level of evidence to be evaluated by guidelines. These reviews ultimately guide clinicians and stakeholders in health-related decisions. However, the informativeness and quality of evidence synthesis inherently depend on the quality of what has been pooled into meta-research projects. Moreover, beyond the quality of included individual studies, only a methodologically correct process, in relation to systematic reviews and meta-analyses themselves, can produce a reliable and valid evidence synthesis. Hence, quality of meta-research projects also affects evidence synthesis reliability. In this overview…
The Nature of Knowledge and Decisions on Activity Sourcing: An Innovation Model
2006
The main drivers for R& D collaboration uncovered by the economic literature are the access to external cognitive capabilities and costs. Very seldom the nature of knowledge has been considered a determining factor for activity externalisation. This paper analyses the role of the nature of knowledge in the locus of innovation. Then, a knowledge management model for the internalisation of innovative activities is developed. The model proposed allows executives to summarize their strategic reflection about innovation, leading to a more coherent decision making process. The research is implemented to the innovative activities performed by Spanish firms in the agro-chemical industry. The empiri…
Pianificazione strategica tra sviluppo locale e policentrismo: alcune evidenze empiriche sul caso siciliano
2009
Strategic planning, local development and policentrism: empirical evidence for Sicily The aim of this paper is the analysis of metropolitan strategic planning in Sicily. Urban areas are becoming important units for territorial cohesion policy and strategic planning represents more and more an important policy instrument. Evidence of a policentric pattern is tested across 30 strategic plans carried out by Sicilian cities in order to derive useful insights for policy implications. Methods and Results This study uses multidimensional scaling and rank-size regressions across Sicilian Functional Urban Areas (FUA) as well as descriptive information drawn from strategic plans in order to identify …
Does stakeholder engagement encourage environmental reporting? The mediating role of firm performance
2020
Stakeholder engagement policies have become a relevant strategy in firms because they may signal to stakeholders the commitment of the firm to the stakeholder’s needs and demands. In this research, we aim to examine whether firms with stakeholder engagement policies tend to disclose more environmental information. Additionally, we analyse the moderating role played by firm performance on the association between stakeholder engagement and environmental disclosure. As far as we know, previous research has not addressed these two questions. Our evidence shows that firms with stakeholder engagement policies are more likely to report environmental information, while firm performance negatively m…
CEO satisfaction and intended strategic changes
2018
How do CEOs react to attainment discrepancies in their organizations' performance? Scholars have generally argued that (only) when performance falls below a certain aspiration level do CEOs intend to change the organization's strategy. However, empirical evidence on this issue is ambiguous and inconclusive. We address this puzzle directly by studying how CEOs' cognitive interpretations of performance (their satisfaction with the firm's performance) affect the magnitude of intended strategic changes, and we explore the moderating effect of the context (performance compared to the industry) on this relationship. Using a sample of medium-sized organizations, we find that CEOs' satisfaction wit…
On How Firms Located in an Industrial District Profit from Knowledge Spillovers: Adoption of an Organic Structure and Innovation Capabilities
2011
The canonical approach argues that firms located in industrial districts enjoy advantages for both innovation and performance as a consequence of the exceptionally strong knowledge spillovers that flow freely and spontaneously within them. However, diffusion of shared competences is not as easy and free as postulated in the literature. Using the resource-based view, we study whether clustered firms perform better than non-clustered firms, by providing empirical evidence that location of firms in an industrial district does not directly create innovation capabilities or economic rents. This research question is important because it enables us to better understand how firms benefit from this …
Revisiting the Trade-off Between Risk and Incentives: The Shocking Effect of Random Shocks?
2019
Despite its central role in the theory of incentives, empirical evidence of a trade-off between risk and incentives remains scarce. We reexamine this trade-off in a workplace lab environment and find that, in line with theory, principals increase fixed pay while lowering performance pay when the relationship between effort and output is noisier. Unexpectedly, agents produce substantially more in the noisy environment than in the baseline despite weaker incentives. In addition, principals’ earnings are significantly higher in the noisy environment. We show that these findings can be accounted for when agents maximize a non-CARA utility function or when they exhibit loss aversion. Data and t…
More Than (Single) Text Comprehension? – On University Students’ Understanding of Multiple Documents
2020
The digital revolution has made a multitude of text documents from highly diverse perspectives on almost any topic easily available. Accordingly, the ability to integrate and evaluate information from different sources, known as multiple document comprehension, has become increasingly important. Because multiple document comprehension requires the integration of content and source information across texts, it is assumed to exceed the demands of single text comprehension due to the inclusion of two additional mental representations: the integrated situation model and the intertext model. To date, there is little empirical evidence on commonalities and differences between single text and mult…