Search results for "Excellence"

Raising the summit or flattening the agora? The elitist turn in science policy in Northern Europe

2017

ABSTRACTThis contribution focuses on how one hegemonic idea – excellence – which has significant impact on science and higher education policy was translated in two Nordic countries: Norway and Sweden. Building on key concepts emanating from political science and organizational sociology, the article assesses how excellence was locally translated by policy makers, leading to the rise of a series of policy measures aimed at fostering excellence in science across the board. In doing this, we investigate a key empirical dimension: the policy mechanisms or instruments launched at national levels (two Nordic countries) in the form of centers of excellence.

Les effets des programmes d'excellence sur l'attractivité des formations en Master et Doctorat

2022

Les politiques d’excellence influencent-elles la production doctorale en France ?

2023

L'attractivité des programmes d’enseignement supérieur est souvent présentée comme un levier pour développer le potentiel de recherche et d'innovation dans les pays développés. En France, deux politiques d’excellence ont été développées dans le cadre du programme des investissements d’avenir (PIA) : les IdEx (initiatives d'excellence) et les Labex (laboratoires d'excellence). Ces programmes visaient notamment à créer des universités françaises comparables aux meilleures universités des autres pays, en favorisant la construction d'une politique intégrée de recherche, de formation et de valorisation. Ils pouvaient par exemple permettre d’attirer des étudiants de haut niveau et des chercheurs …

Élite scolaire et démocratie

2011

Resume Resume : La question de l’elite renvoie a celle de l’excellence dans une democratie. L’auteur propose d’y repondre a partir de Dewey et Walzer et avance qu’il n’y a pas de raison pour que l’excellence conduise a des hierarchies sociales ni que la superiorite dans une sphere sociale induise une superiorite dans une autre ; la multiplicite des experiences et le caractere continu des hierarchies devraient en premunir les societes. Dans le modele republicain, il s’agirait de concilier l’elitisme et l’egalite des citoyens et d’eviter la reproduction par le systeme scolaire des hierarchies sociales. La reflexion s’appuie ensuite sur la conception rawlsienne de la justice : pour Rawls, les …

Education in France: The Difficult Balance between Excellence and Equality

2005

International audience

Rising Educational Attainment and Opportunity Equalization: Evidence from France

2020

Educational policies are widely recognized as the means par excellence to equalize opportunities among children with different social and family backgrounds and to promote intergenerational mobility. In this chapter, we focus on the French case and we apply the opportunity equalization criterion proposed by Andreoli, Havnes, and Lefranc (2019) for evaluating the effect of rising compulsory schooling requirements in secondary education. Our results show that such education expansion has a limited redistributive effect on students’ earnings distribution. Nonetheless, we provide evidence of opportunity equalization among groups of students defined by family background circumstances.

Managing Academic Internationalization: A Culture-Based Approach

2014

Abstract The goal of the present paper is apply the blue-ocean strategy to the current status of the higher education system, with a major focus on managing cultural diversity in a global world. Universities nowadays represent poles of excellence in terms of cultural innovation, knowledge creation and transfer to the industry, an interface between home and host country as regards academic mobility (teaching and research mobility); they have a significant role in promoting cultural values and informed intercultural communication, creating academic consortia as well as interacting with the local and business communities. The paper shall also redefine: the role of university managers in the co…

Approaching virtuousness through organizational ethical quality: toward a moral corporate social responsibility

2015

Today, in both theory and practice, the concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ethics are not necessarily related. Organizations can demonstrate high levels of social proactivity in their CSR policies with or without having laudable levels of ethical quality or virtuousness. This article introduces the concepts of organizational ethical quality (OEQ) to evaluate the moral excellence of CSR actions and policies, identifying and categorizing varying levels ranging from the absence of ethical virtuousness, termed immoral CSR (ICSR), to high levels of moral CSR (MCSR), or ethical virtuousness. High MCSR is the product of both high levels of OEQ in conjunction with more proactive …

The Simpson paradox of school grading in Italy

2009

Abstract Data from the 2003 OECD-PISA Survey for Italy reveal a striking difference in the relationship between students’ competence (as measured by PISA score in Mathematics) and school grades across regions: a competence level granting bare sufficiency in the North yields excellence grades in the South. This has spurred a lively debate on education policy in the country, based on the inference drawn from this evidence that grading practices are excessively different in the two areas. We show in this note that this inference overlooks a Simpson paradox hidden in the data. After a more careful analysis, the above inference is seen to be wrong. The crucial omitted variable is the school-leve…

Business strategy in new high‐tech ventures: an empirical analysis

1999

The aim of this study is to determine the existence of specific and unique features characterising markets, activities and customers in at least two of the most representative high technology sectors nowadays, the microelectronics/software industry and the biotechnology/biomedical industry. Cross‐Tabs statistical method has been used to analyze the data collected from the sample made up by 18 high‐tech American firms. One of the major findings of this study is that the business strategy will hold better prospects in those high‐tech firms benefiting from a higher technological excellence, having spent longer time in developing and launching their products, being able to keep longer the novel…