Search results for "Exchange"
showing 10 items of 2035 documents
Available Defences for Defendants in the Provisional Measures in Europe: Between Theory and Practice
2014
The EU Enforcement Directive provides a set of provisional measures to be applied by a request of a right-holder of a particular object of intellectual property. Simultaneously, the EU Enforcement Directive envisages a set of defences for an alleged infringer in order to safeguard the balance of parties. This article discusses available defences for an alleged infringer in provisional measures as provided by the EU Member States when norms of the EU Enforcement Directive are transposed in conjuncture with the available court practice. Specifically, the present article focuses not only on the threshold of evidence to be presented by a plaintiff for application of provisional measures but als…
Coastal Governance Solutions Development in Latvia
2015
This chapter has focused on the application of the environmental collaboration communication model for separate coastal municipalities in Latvia, in order to assess and to advise on the development of coastal-climate-risk-communication specifications. The model has four components— information, education, participation, and environmentally friendly behavior —and its use in three coastal municipalities was examined in relation to coastal governance processes and stakeholder participation. This four-part model is recommended for use by municipal administrations in other types of complex communication applications, and should be introduced into all governance levels of the planning process and…
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
2022
Background: Guillain–Barré syndrome is a rare disorder in which our body’s immune system attacks nerves determining weakness and tingling of extremities as first symptoms. It can also be associated to respiratory failure and require mechanical ventilation during hospitalization (up to 30% of patients). Nowadays patient’s hyper-reactive immune responses benefits from immunotherapies such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and new biological drugs. Case Report: We report our experience with the case of a 64-year-old woman who presented a symmetric progressive flaccid paralysis after a week of mild cold symptoms. The respiratory and neurological symptoms wo…
Large-Eddy Simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer in Compact Heat Exchangers
1994
LES results are presented for different heat exchanger geometries. Subgrid terms were usually computed by the Smagorinsky model; preliminary comparative results are also given for the ‘dynamic’ subgrid model. The numerical methods used were those implemented in a commercial general-purpose code (CFDS-FLOW3D); they included a finite-volume approach, colocated body-fitted grids, central differencing for the advection terms, the SIMPLEC algorithm, and Crank-Nicolson time stepping. Predictions arc compared with experimental measurements (including local Nu distributions), and with results from a low-Reynolds number k-e model. In most cases, LES was more ‘robust’ and required little more CPU tim…
Dynamic electric field assisted multi-dimensional liquid chromatography of biological samples
2005
Complex biological samples require very high resolution separation strategies. The platform introduced here capitalises on the hyphenation of liquid chromatographic (LC) and electric potential gradient electrochromatographic multi-dimensional separation genres. First-dimension selectivity is provided by simultaneous size exclusion (SEC) and strong cation exchange (SCX) chromatography modes, while the second dimension comprises reversed phase (RP) characteristics in a dynamic (time-variant) electric field. The time-variant potential gradient with reversal of polarity is applied across the second dimension monolithic capillary throughout the duration of the solvent strength gradient elution. …
DISTANCE LEARNING AND COVID-19 FROM STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE: DO THEY HAVE THE SKILLS TO DEAL WITH THE UNPRECEDENTED SITUATION?
2021
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, more than 1,6 billion children worldwide were forced to discontinue face-to-face education and continue with distance learning (OECD, 2020). To many students as well as teachers this was their first experience with distance learning. Students' ability to adapt to distance learning varies and depends on different factors, including individual factors such as the ability to cope with new situations, solve problems and manage their own learning process. In order to successfully deal with the new circumstances in education, it is necessary to work at all levels - including the level of policy development, level of schools as organizations, and at the indivi…
Opening the can of worms: A comprehensive examination of authoritarianism
2020
Abstract We carry out an exhaustive analysis of both right-wing and left-wing forms of authoritarianism in order to assess the specific predictors of these illiberal agendas. Firstly, we conduct a literature review on authoritarianism as a multidimensional psychological construct, with emphasis on its controversial links to the political spectrum, religion, and economic conservatism. Moreover, we review its potential associations with social axioms, as an interesting psychological framework to aid understanding of authoritarian attitudes. We extract three working hypotheses from this literature review, all successfully tested in two empirical studies (n = 1097 and n = 1102). Our results sug…
Reaching Out to the Europeans. Political Parties’ Facebook Strategies of Issue Ownership and the Second-Order Character of European Election Campaigns
2020
The European Election campaign 2019 enjoyed heightened attention in the European and global public due to the recent emergence of populist actors, new parties, and large European issues such as immigration, climate change, and Brexit. Starting theoretically from the issue ownership theory, shareworthiness, and the second-order character of European elections, the study at hand investigates the campaigns of 69 parties from 9 countries on Facebook as one of the current central spheres of electoral contest. Facebook enables parties to provide users with selected issues considered advantageous for themselves. The number of posts’ shares indicates whether the parties manage to reach out to the v…
European Union at a Crossroads: What Could the Next 60 Years Bring About?
2018
This paper aims to synthetize some of the challenges that the European Union faces during these troubled times and also to suggest some of the possible scenarios that might actually unfold in order to address them. Symbolically, this year should have highlighted the biggest achievements of the EU and its Member States, as it celebrates 60 years of joint commitment for a better Europe. Yet, the uncertainty regarding Europe’s future is at an all-time high, due to internal and external factors. On the one hand, internal challenges, such as the Brexit process and the refugee crises, led to the reevaluation of the EU’s current organization and structure, which, in turn, might lead to a Europe of…
Parliamentary Time as a Medium of Politics
2018
The chapter deals with parliamentary time that underlies all the other aspects as a temporal ‘subtext’ of parliamentary politics. The temporal aspect is built into the parliamentary procedures, debates, regimes and actors. It is not only a play in time but also a play with time. The parliamentary debate requires sufficient time but at the same time recognising that parliamentary time is always scarce, and a fair distribution of it between both items and members is necessary. Parliamentary politics shows therefore an extraordinary sensitivity for time. Parliamentary time is based on multiple rounds of debate as well as on a time order of parliamentary moves of different types. When used in p…